Jach'a Pukara

Jach'a Pukara
Jach'a Pukara
	Lake Titicaca as seen from the summit of Janq'u Uma. Jach'a Pukara is visible in the lower center of this image.
Highest point
Elevation	4,300 m (14,100 ft) [1]
Coordinates	15°51′12″S68°40′54″W / 15.85333°S 68.68167°W Coordinates: 15°51′12″S68°40′54″W / 15.85333°S 68.68167°W
Geography
	Jach'a Pukara Location in Bolivia
Location	Bolivia, ; La Paz Department, Larecaja Province
Parent range	Andes

Last updated April 10, 2019

Jach'a Pukara (Aymara jach'a big, pukara fortress,^[2] "big fortress", hispanicized spelling Jachcha Pucara) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,300 metres (14,108 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Jach'a Pukara lies between Lake Titicaca in the west and the Janq'u Uma-Illampu massif of the Cordillera Real in the east.^[1]^[3]

Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. Aymara, along with Spanish, is one of the official languages of Bolivia and parts of Peru. It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile, where it is a recognized minority language.

Pukara is a defensive hilltop site or fortification built by the prehispanic and historic inhabitants of the central Andean area. In some cases, these sites acted as temporary fortified refuges during periods of increased conflict, while other sites show evidence for permanent occupation. Emerging as a major site type during the Late Intermediate Period, the pukara form was adopted in some areas by the Inca military in contested borderlands of the Inca Empire. The Spanish also referred to the Mapuche earthen forts built during the Arauco War in the 16th and 17th centuries by this term.

The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. This range is about 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, about 200 to 700 km wide, and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.

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Jach'a Qullu is a 5,298-metre-high (17,382 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Batallas Municipality. Jach'a Qullu is situated southwest of Jisk'a Pata and Jach'a Pata, southwest of Jach'a Juqhu and northwest of Wila Lluxi, Warawarani and Qala T'uxu.

Jach'a Jipiña is a 4,950-metre-high (16,240 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. Jach'a Jipiña lies south-west of the lake Juri Quta.

Inka Pukara is a 4,444-metre-high (14,580 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Pantaleón Dalence Province, Huanuni Municipality. Inka Pukara lies southeast of Huanuni. The village of Pukara (Pucara) lies at its feet.

Uma Jalanta is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,723 metres (18,776 ft) high. It is located in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. It lies south-east of the mountains Janq'u Uma and Janq'u Piti, near the mountain Misk'i T'ant'a.

Wiluyu Janq'u Uma or Wiluyu is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 5,540 metres (18,176 ft) high. It is located in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. It lies northwest of the mountain Yapuchañani, northeast of Misk'i T'ant'a and Uma Jalanta and east of Illampu.

Wila Pukara is a 4,290-metre-high (14,075 ft) mountain in the Bolivian Andes. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, in the north of the Yaco Municipality.

Pukara is a 4,329-metre-high (14,203 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Jesús de Machaca Municipality. Pukara is situated west of the mountain Q'ullq'uni and north-west of the mountains Wisk'achani and Jisk'a Sallalla. The Q'ullq'uni River (Khullkuni) flows along its slopes. It flows to the south as a tributary of Jach'a Jawira.

Chuqi Q'awa is a 4,790-metre-high (15,715 ft) mountain in the Chilla-Kimsa Chata mountain range in the Andes of Bolivia. It lies in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Jesús de Machaca Municipality. Chuqi Q'awa is situated west of the mountain Pukara.

Jach'a Pukara is a 3,386-metre-high (11,109 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Quime Municipality. Jach'a Pukara lies at the river Chaka Jawira whose waters flow to the La Paz River in the north.

Jach'a Pata is a mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,940-metre (16,207 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, in the south of the Guanay Municipality. Jach'a Pata lies north-west of the mountain Janq'u K'ark'a and south of the lake Qutapata (Kkota Pata).

Ch'uch'u Jawira is a Bolivian river in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Its waters flow the Kaka River which belongs to the watershed of the Beni River.

Jach'a Apachita is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia, about 4,420 metres (14,501 ft) high. It is situated in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Jach'a Apachita lies northeast of the Janq'u Uma-Illampu massif of the Cordillera Real.

Jach'a Waylla Punta is a 4,743-metre-high (15,561 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality. Jach'a Waylla Punta lies in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Real southeast of the mountain Wila Wilani and south of Wankar Quta Qullu. It is situated at the rivers Q'asiri Jawira and Ch'uch'u Jawira.

Ch'uxñani is a 4,680-metre-high (15,354 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Larecaja Province, Sorata Municipality, in the northern extensions of the Cordillera Real southeast of the mountain Jach'a Waylla Punta. Ch'uxñani lies near the confluence of the rivers Ch'uch'u Jawira which comes from the northwest and Jach'a Uma Jawira which originates between the mountain Wila Quta and the Janq'u Uma-Illampu massif.

Pukara is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,320 m (14,170 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality. Pukara lies north of Ch'uñawi.

Wila Pukara is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,300 m (14,100 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Aroma Province, Sica Sica Municipality.

Janq'u Pukara is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). It is located in the Cochabamba Department, Tapacari Province. Janq'u Pukara lies northwest of Ñuñu Qullu.

References

1 2 Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 Warizata 5846-II
↑ Radio San Gabriel, "Instituto Radiofonico de Promoción Aymara" (IRPA) 1993, Republicado por Instituto de las Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLLA-A) 2011, Transcripción del Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, P. Ludovico Bertonio 1612 (Spanish-Aymara-Aymara-Spanish dictionary)
↑ "Sorata". INE, Bolivia. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.

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[igm-1] 1 2 Bolivian IGM map 1:50,000 Warizata 5846-II

[2] Radio San Gabriel, "Instituto Radiofonico de Promoción Aymara" (IRPA) 1993, Republicado por Instituto de las Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLLA-A) 2011, Transcripción del Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, P. Ludovico Bertonio 1612 (Spanish-Aymara-Aymara-Spanish dictionary)

[3] "Sorata". INE, Bolivia. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 10, 2014.