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Jack Vallentyne (31/July/1926 - 16/June/2007) was a Canadian biochemist and the 2001 recipient of the A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award.
Born in Toronto, Vallentyne completed his undergraduate studies in Biology and Chemistry at Queen's University (Kingston; 1945–49) and his Ph.D. in Paleo-Limnology at Yale University (USA; 1949–52) under the supervision of George Evelyn Hutchinson. From 1943 to 1945 Vallentyne served in the military. [1] He and his wife Ann had five children: Peter, Stephen, Jane, Anne Marie, and Geoffrey.
Vallentyne held a variety of academic positions throughout his lifetime. Between 1952 and 1955, he was a lecturer and then assistant professor (between 1955 and 1958) in Biology at Queen’s University. Other positions he held included: Fellow of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Geophysical Laboratory (from 1956 to 1957), associate professor and full professor of Zoology at Cornell University (from 1958 to 1966), a Guggenheim Fellow [2] for Biogeochemical studies at the Pallanza Institute (from 1964 to 1965), Vice President of ASLO in (between 1964 and 1965), president of SIL (from 1974 to 198), and a senior scientific advisor of ocean and aquatic sciences, and science advisor to the Fisheries Research Board of Canada (between 1975 and 1977), and a senior scientist at the Department of Fisheries & Oceans in the Canadian Center for Inland Waters (CCIW) in Burlington, between 1977 and 1992, where he set up a Fisheries Research Board detachment. During his time at his last position, he held the role of Canadian co-chairman at the International Joint Commission Great Lakes Science Advisory Board (between 1986 and 1991).
After his retirement, Vallentyne was nominated scientist emeritus in the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in CCIW.[ citation needed ]
In July 1980, Vallentyne established the Johnny Biosphere project, in light of the earth’s environmental problems, seeking to encourage future generations to take on this important role. [3] The message to the kids Johnny Biosphere (aka Jack Vallentyne) visited was simple: "Be kind to the Earth and it will be kind to you." [3]
Some of Vallentyne’s publications include: ‘Tragedy in Mouse Utopia: An Ecological Commentary on Human Utopia,’ (Trafford Publishers), ‘The Algal Bowl,’ (University of Alberta Press), published posthumously was translated to several languages, became a bestseller and contributed to the wake-up on the causes and consequences of lake deterioration. Vallentyne also worked on the revision of the ‘Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement’ (GLWQA) by developing and implementing the "ecosystem approach" to research and environmental conservation.
In 1992 Vallentyne received the Rachel Carson Award for raising public awareness of science from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
In 2001, he received the A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award "for his exemplary research contributions in paleolimnology, biogeochemistry and eutrophication; outstanding administrative accomplishments in forming and fostering the Experimental Lakes Area; and passionate efforts in educating children in environmental, ecological and limnological issues."
On June 16, 2007, Vallentyne died, aged 80, in Hamilton (Canada).
According to Andrew L. Hamilton, he was grateful that he was able to "watch and marvel at many of his extraordinary contributions to freshwater research and to the development and implementation of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the United States." [4]
Dolors Planas said: "We will remember Jack Vallentyne with his Terrestrial Globe on his shoulders, asking to the uninitiated the question ‘Have you been good to your ecosystem today?’" [5]
According to Charles R. Goldman, "Coupled with Jack’s natural grace and qualities of kindness and concern was his extremely interesting family that survived the year in Pallanza in a tiny apartment without a single complaint. A lot of that was of course due to his extremely level minded and talented wife." He added: "His unusual intelligence his handsome striking appearance and his subtle ever smiling sense of humor was captivating…[he had a] truly refreshing natural enthusiasm about anything he undertook." [6]
In recognition of his contributions to world science, the Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management Society (AEHMS) established a J. R. Vallentyne Lecture Series in 1997 at its biennial conferences which are delivered by distinguished scientists.
In 2008, the John R. (Jack) Vallentyne Award was instituted, which "recognizes important and sustained efforts to inform and educate the public and policymakers on Great Lakes issues, thereby raising awareness and support for Great Lakes protection and restoration." It is nominated by the IAGLR Outreach Committee and awarded by the IAGLR Board. Vallentyne himself received the first one posthumously. [7]
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The study of limnology includes aspects of the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics of fresh and saline, natural and man-made bodies of water. This includes the study of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater. Water systems are often categorized as either running (lotic) or standing (lentic).
Ruth Myrtle Patrick was an American botanist and limnologist specializing in diatoms and freshwater ecology. She authored more than 200 scientific papers, developed ways to measure the health of freshwater ecosystems and established numerous research facilities.
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic ; lotic ; and wetlands.
Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of ecology but the sphere of hydrobiology includes taxonomy, economic and industrial biology, morphology, and physiology. The one distinguishing aspect is that all fields relate to aquatic organisms. Most work is related to limnology and can be divided into lotic system ecology and lentic system ecology.
Gene Elden Likens is an American limnologist and ecologist. He co-founded the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in 1963, and founded the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York in 1983.
The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), formerly known as the Limnological Society of America and the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, is a scientific society established in 1936 with the goal of advancing the sciences of limnology and oceanography. With approximately 4,000 members in nearly 60 different countries, ASLO is the largest scientific society, worldwide, devoted to either limnology or oceanography or both.
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David William Schindler,, was an American/Canadian limnologist. He held the Killam Memorial Chair and was Professor of Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta. He was notable for "innovative large-scale experiments" on whole lakes at the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) which proved that "phosphorus controls the eutrophication in temperate lakes leading to the banning of phosphates in detergents. He was also known for his research on acid rain. In 1989, Schindler moved from the ELA to continue his research at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, with studies into fresh water shortages and the effects of climate disruption on Canada's alpine and northern boreal ecosystems. Schindler's research had earned him numerous national and international awards, including the Gerhard Herzberg Gold Medal, the First Stockholm Water Prize (1991) the Volvo Environment Prize (1998), and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2006).
The Lifetime Achievement Award was first presented in 1994 to honor major long-term achievements in the fields of limnology and oceanography, including research, education and service to the community and society. In 2004, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography board renamed the award in honor of Alfred C. Redfield.
IISD Experimental Lakes Area is an internationally unique research station encompassing 58 formerly pristine freshwater lakes in Kenora District Ontario, Canada. In response to the International Joint Commission (IJC)'s 1965 recommendations related to transboundary pollution, the federal and provincial governments set aside these lakes to study water pollution. During the 1970s and 1980s, David Schindler, who was at that time 'Canada's leading ecologist', conducted a series of innovative, landmark large-scale experiments in ELA on eutrophication that led to the banning of phosphates in detergents. In an unexpected and controversial move that was widely condemned by the scientific community in 2012 the ELA was de-funded by the Canadian Federal Government. The facility is now managed and operated by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and has a mandate to investigate the aquatic effects of a wide variety of stresses on lakes and their catchments. IISD-ELA used the whole ecosystem approach and makes long-term, whole-lake investigations of freshwater focusing on eutrophication.
Stephen Russell Carpenter is an American lake ecologist who focuses on lake eutrophication which is the over-enrichment of lake ecosystems leading to toxic blooms of micro-organisms and fish kills.
Clifford Hiley Mortimer was a 20th-century British zoologist and expert in hydrodynamics. He was the recipient of the 1995 A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award.
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Maciej Gliwicz is a Polish biologist, evolutionist and professor at the University of Warsaw who specializes in the field of hydrobiology.
Charles Remington Goldman is an American limnologist and ecologist.
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The Journal of Limnology is a triannual peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of limnology, including the ecology, biology, microbiology, geology, physics, and chemistry of freshwater habitats, as well as the impact of human activities and the management and conservation of inland aquatic ecosystems. It was established in 1942 as the Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia by the Water Research Institute (Verbania) of which it is still the official journal, obtaining its current title in 1999.
The Water Research Institute in Verbania Pallanza is part of the Water Research Institute of CNR, with headquarters in Rome. From 2002 to 2018 it represented the headquarters of the former Institute of Ecosystem Study, one of the dismissed institutes of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Before that, the institute in Verbania was called the Italian Institute of Hydrobiology.
Roxane Maranger is a professor at Université de Montréal and Canada Research Chair Tier I in Aquqtic Ecosystem Science and Sustainability known for her research on the impact of humans on water quality in lakes. From July 2020 - July 2022, she served as the president of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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