Jacques-Louis Soret | |
---|---|
Jacques-Louis Soret | |
Born | Geneva, Switzerland | 30 June 1827
Died | 13 May 1890 62) Geneva, Switzerland | (aged
Nationality | Swiss |
Known for | discovery of holmium, structure of ozone |
Jacques-Louis Soret (30 June 1827 – 13 May 1890) was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist. He studied both spectroscopy and electrolysis. He held the chairs of chemistry (1873-1887) and medical physics (1887-1890) at the University of Geneva. [1]
Soret determined the chemical composition and density of ozone and the conditions for its production. [1] [2] He described it correctly as being composed of three oxygen atoms bound together. [3] [4] [5]
Soret also developed optical instruments. He climbed Mont Blanc, where he was the first scientist to make actinometric measurements of solar radiation. These observations were published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1867. [6] [1] [2]
In 1878, he and Marc Delafontaine were the first to spectroscopically observe the element later named holmium, which they identified simply as an "earth X" derived from "erbia". [2] [7] [8] Independently, Per Teodor Cleve separated it chemically from thulium and erbium in 1879. [9] [10] All three researchers are given credit for the element's discovery. [2]
The Soret peak or Soret band, a strong absorption band at approximately 420 nm in the absorption spectra of hemoglobin, is also named after him. [11] [12]
Jacques-Louis Soret died in Geneva on 13 May 1890. [1] His son was Charles Soret, a recognized physicist and chemist in his own right. [13]
Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It is a rare-earth element and the eleventh member of the lanthanide series. It is a relatively soft, silvery, fairly corrosion-resistant and malleable metal. Like a lot of other lanthanides, holmium is too reactive to be found in native form, as pure holmium slowly forms a yellowish oxide coating when exposed to air. When isolated, holmium is relatively stable in dry air at room temperature. However, it reacts with water and corrodes readily, and also burns in air when heated.
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The year 1878 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
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Holmium(III) oxide, or holmium oxide is a chemical compound of a rare-earth element holmium and oxygen with the formula Ho2O3. Together with dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3), holmium oxide is one of the most powerfully paramagnetic substances known. The oxide, also called holmia, occurs as a component of the related erbium oxide mineral called erbia. Typically, the oxides of the trivalent lanthanides coexist in nature, and separation of these components requires specialized methods. Holmium oxide is used in making specialty colored glasses. Glass containing holmium oxide and holmium oxide solutions have a series of sharp optical absorption peaks in the visible spectral range. They are therefore traditionally used as a convenient calibration standard for optical spectrophotometers.
In spectroscopy, a Soret peak or Soret band is an intense peak in the blue wavelength region of the visible spectrum. The peak is named after its discoverer, Jacques-Louis Soret. The term is commonly used in absorption spectroscopy, corresponding to a wavelength of maximum absorption ranging around 400 nm in the blue region.
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