James Wilder Orr

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James Wilder Orr
James Wilder Orr.png
James Wilder Orr, 2023
BornJuly 19, 1958 (1958-07-19) (age 65)
Huntington, New York
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater Wheaton College (BS), Auburn University (MS), University of Washington (PhD)
AwardsNOAA Distinguished Career Award
Scientific career
Fieldsfisheries biology, ichthyology
InstitutionsAlaska Fisheries Science Center, University of Washington, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
Academic advisorsJohn S. Ramsey, Theodore W. Pietsch

James Wilder Orr (born Huntington, New York, July 19, 1958) is an American fisheries biologist, ichthyologist, and systematist best known for his studies of skates, rockfishes, snailfishes, and flatfishes. He has described 32 new species and two new genera of fishes, and is the author or co-author of more than 130 scientific and popular articles, including three books. His work has focused primarily on the phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, reproductive biology, and behavior of marine teleosts, particularly deep-water benthic taxa. He has spent most of his career at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in Seattle, as a Research Fisheries Biologist. At the same time, he has served as an Affiliate Professor at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Affiliate Curator of Fishes at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle. For his lifetime of service, Orr was presented with a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Distinguished Career Award in 2022.

Contents

Education

Orr graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School, Huntsville, Alabama (1976), followed by a B.S. in biology at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois (1980); a M.S. in Fisheries Management at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (1987); and a Ph.D. in Fisheries at the University of Washington, Seattle (1995).

Academic contributions

Orr's work as a Research Fisheries Biologist for the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, has focused primarily on the marine biodiversity of the North Pacific Ocean especially the Bering and Chukchi seas and waters off southeast Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. [1] [2] From 1995 to 2013, he participated in NMFS Groundfish surveys, often as Chief Scientist, on the West Coast shelf and slope, Gulf of Alaska shelf, Aleutian Islands, and Bering and Chukchi seas. New taxa discovered and described by Orr (32 species and two genera) reside mostly in the family Liparidae, but also in the families Rajidae, Solenostomidae, Scorpaenidae, Cottidae, Zoarcidae, Ammodytidae, Pleuronectidae, and Oneirodidae. [3] [4] He is widely recognized as an expert on the evolutionary history, distribution, ecology, and behavior of North Pacific fishes in general, but especially the highly species-rich and economically important families Rajidae, Cottidae, Scorpaenidae, and Pleuronectidae. [5] [6]

Perhaps his most significant contributions lie in broad-based generic revisions of various taxa, incorporating morphology as well as molecular and early life-history characters; [7] [8] [9] his Field Guide to Sharks, Skates, and Ratfish of Alaska; [10] "Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distribution analysis;" [11] [12] Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska; [13] and co-author of the three-volume Fishes of the Salish Sea: Puget Sound and the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca published by the University of Washington Press in 2019. [14] [15] [16] [17] Of great interest also is his study of "Reproductive parasitism between distant phyla: molecular identification of snailfish (Liparidae) egg masses in the gill cavities of king crabs (Lithodidae)" published in 2016. [18]

Orr has also served as Managing Editor of NOAA Technical Reports and NOAA Professional Papers, and as Scientific Editor of Fishery Bulletin . As a Life Member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, he has served as Index Editor of the Society's journal Ichthyology & Herpetology (formerly Copeia ) continuously since 1994. Orr retired at the end of December 2020.

Taxa named in his honor include a new genus and species, Orrichthys longimanus† Carnevale and Pietsch, 2010 (Teleostei: Brachionichthyidae); [19] [20] a new species of snailfish, Careproctus orri Kai and Tashiro, 2021 (Teleostei: Liparidae); [21] and a new species of sponge, Stelodoryx jamesorri Lehnert and Stone, 2020 (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). [22]

Selected bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snailfish</span> Family of fishes

The snailfishes or sea snails are a family of marine ray-finned fishes. These fishes make up the Liparidae, which is classified within the order Scorpaeniformes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific ocean perch</span> Species of fish

The Pacific ocean perch, also known as the Pacific rockfish, rose fish, red bream or red perch, is a fish whose range spans across the North Pacific : from southern California around the Pacific rim to northern Honshū, Japan, including the Bering Sea. The species appears to be most abundant in northern British Columbia, the Gulf of Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rougheye rockfish</span> Species of fish

The rougheye rockfish is a rockfish of the genus Sebastes. It is also known as the blackthroat rockfish, rougheye seaperch, blacktip seaperch, longlife seaperch or the blacktip rockfish and grows to a maximum of about 97 cm (38 in) in length, with the IGFA record weight being 14 lb 12 oz (6.7 kg). Similar to many other members of its genus, it is extremely long-lived, and has been known to reach an age of 205 years.

<i>Paraliparis</i> Genus of fishes

Paraliparis is a genus of fish in the family Liparidae, the snailfishes. It is found in benthic, benthopelagic and pelagic habitats in all the world's oceans.

Notoliparis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Liparidae, the snailfishes. These fishes are found in deep Oceanic trenches in the South Atlantic South Pacific and Southern Oceans.

<i>Careproctus</i> Genus of fishes

Careproctus is a genus of snailfishes found in benthic and benthopelagic habitats in the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic and Southern Oceans. Whether they truly are absent from the Indian Ocean is unknown and might be an artifact of limited sampling. They range from shallow coastal seas in the far north of their range to the abyssal zone, at depths of 6 to 5,459 m (20–17,910 ft). In the Northern Hemisphere they mostly live shallower than Paraliparis, but this pattern is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. Although almost entirely restricted to very cold waters, a single species, C. hyaleius, lives at hydrothermal vents.

Aetheliparis rossi is a species of snailfish only known from the mesopelagic zone in the North Atlantic off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This species is found at depths of from 500 to 674 metres.

Allocareproctus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Liparidae, the snailfishes. These fish are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

The hardhead snailfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Liparidae, the snailfishes. This species is found in the northern Pacific Ocean where a single specimen was collected in June 2000 from near the Aleutian Islands at a depth of 285 m (935 ft). The length of the fish was 3.3 cm (1.3 in) SL. This species is the only member of the monospecific genus Lopholiparis. The specific name honors the collector of the holotype, William C. Flerx of the National Marine Fisheries Service.

Volodichthys is a genus of snailfishes found in deep water, more than 750 m (2,460 ft), of southern oceans near Antarctica and southern South America. Its members were formerly included in the genus Careproctus.

<i>Adelosebastes</i> Genus of fishes

Adelosebastes is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. The only species in this genus is Adelosebastes latens, the Aleutian scorpionfish. It is found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Sebastes melanostictus</i> Species of fish

Sebastes melanostictus, the blackspotted rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Careproctus ovigerus</i> Species of fish

Careproctus ovigerus, commonly known as the abyssal snailfish, is a species of snailfish found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It is found at depths of 1,920–2,910 m (6,300–9,550 ft) off northern British Columbia and off Washington state.

<i>Sebastes ciliatus</i> Species of fish

Sebastes ciliatus, the dusky rockfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae, the rockfishes, part of the family Scorpaenidae. It is typically found in the North Pacific Ocean, specifically in the Bering Sea near British Columbia, in the Gulf of Alaska, and in the depths of the Aleutian Islands.

<i>Liparis gibbus</i> Species of fish

Liparis gibbus, the polka-dot snailfish, variegated snailfish or dusky snailfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Liparidae, the snailfishes. This fish is found in Arctic waters. Juveniles of the species have been found to be biofluorescent.

Psednos delawarei is a species of snailfish found in the south-western Pacific Ocean.

Paraliparis andriashevi is a species of snailfish found in the Southern Ocean.

Pseudoliparis belyaevi is a species of snailfish found in hadal zone of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, particularly the Japan Trench.

Careproctus spiraki, or pimpled snailfish, is a small, marine, bottom-dwelling snailfish. The type specimen was collected in a bottom trawl 457 meters deep in Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Islands. The species was first described to science by J. W. Orr in 2021.

<i>Careproctus maslenikovae</i> Species of fish

Careproctus maslenikovae, or blushing snailfish, is a small, marine, bottom-dwelling snailfish. The type specimen was collected in a bottom trawl 234 meters deep west of the Islands of Four Mountains in the Aleutian Islands. The species was first described to science by J. W. Orr in 2021.

References

  1. ↑ "Feature Story: Meet NOAA Fisheries Biologist Jay Orr. He's made some remarkable discoveries in the deep waters off Alaska". NOAA Fisheries. May 13, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  2. ↑ Sabri, Roya (July 13, 2016). "Happy accidents: Fisheries researchers net more than they bargain for. Federal biologists meticulously scour the ocean for commercially viable fish. Sometimes, they stumble across truly rare finds". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  3. ↑ Joling, Dan (July 13, 2016). "Scientists surveying ocean floor turn up new fish off Alaska: Biologists discover 14 new kinds of snailfish while trawling off the Aleutian Islands". Science News. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  4. ↑ "Feature Story: Rare deep-dwelling skates discovered in Alaska and British Columbia". NOAA Fisheries. August 1, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  5. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Stevenson, D.E.; with others (2011). "Bathyraja panthera, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus Arctoraja Ishiyama". NOAA Professional Papers NMFS. 11: 1–50.
  6. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Kolora, S.R.; with others (2021). "Origins and evolution of extreme life span in Pacific Ocean rockfishes". Science. 374: 842–847.
  7. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Fritzsche, R.A. (1993). "Revision of the ghost pipefishes, family Solenostomidae (Teleostei: Syngnathoidei)". Copeia. 1993 (1): 168–182.
  8. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Matarese, A.C. (2000). "Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea". Fishery Bulletin. 98 (3): 539–582.
  9. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Busby, M.S. (2006). "Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk and Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with the description of four new species from the Aleutian Islands". Zootaxa. 1173: 1–37.
  10. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Stevenson, D.E.; with others (2007). Field Guide to Sharks, Skates, and Ratfish of Alaska. Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant. p. 77.
  11. ↑ Doughton, D. (November 16, 2015). "Study adds 37 species to Salish Sea's fish list, bringing total to 253". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  12. ↑ "NOAA report creates an updated and comprehensive list of the fishes of the Salish Sea". Encyclopedia of Puget Sound. September 30, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  13. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Drumm, D.T.; with others (2016). "An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska, and an evaluation of identification confidence in RACE groundfish surveys". NOAA Professional Paper NMFS. 19: 1–289.
  14. ↑ ""Fishes of the Salish Sea," Book Release,". News & Events, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. June 14, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  15. ↑ University of Washington News Staff (June 18, 2019). "The first book documenting all of the known species of fishes that live in the Salish Sea is now available". University of Washington News. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  16. ↑ Rice, J. (September 26, 2019). "Of ratfish, Loch Ness monsters and stuffed sharks: A conversation with the authors of the book Fishes of the Salish Sea". Encyclopedia of Puget Sound. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  17. ↑ Weinberger, H. (June 17, 2019). "This three-decade mission to catalog local fish turned into a literary work of art". Crosscut. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  18. ↑ Orr, J.W.; Gardner, J.R.; with others (2016). "Reproductive parasitism between distant phyla: molecular identification of snailfish (Liparidae) egg masses in the gill cavities of king crabs (Lithodidae)". Copeia. 104 (3): 645–657.
  19. ↑ Carnevale, G.; Pietsch, T.W. (2010). "Eocene Handfishes from Monte Bolca, with description of a new genus and species, and a phylogeny of the family Brachionichthyidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (4): 621–647.
  20. ↑ Wilkins, M. (October 11, 2010). "Fossil Fish Named After AFSC Scientist Jay Orr". Resource Assessment & Conservation Engineering (RACE) Division, Groundfish Assessment Program. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  21. ↑ Kai, Y.; Endo, H.; Tashiro, F.; Nakayama, N. (2021). "Two new species of snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Cottoidei: Liparidae) from the western North Pacific Ocean with a range extension of Careproctus brevipectoralis". Zootaxa. 4951 (2): 361–371.
  22. ↑ Lehnert, H.; Stone, R.P. (2020). "Three new species of Poecilosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska". Zootaxa. 4851 (1): 137–150.
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