The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband, India, from which the name derives, by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and several others, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They consider themselves the continuation of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaat. The main purpose of this movement was to reject the traditional Sunni practices such as visiting shrines, celebrating “urs” and other orthodox sunni-sufi practices, which they consider as Shirk and Bidah. Heavily influenced by Salafism and Wahhabism; they opposed influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist, secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
The Barelvi movement, also known as Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaah is moderate form of Islam that Muslims in South Asia have followed for centuries and it encompasses a variety of Sufi orders, including the Chistis, Qadiris, Suhrawardis and Naqshbandis as well as many other orders and sub-orders of Sufism. They consider themselves to be the continuation of Sunni Islamic orthodoxy before the rise of Salafism and Deobandi Movement.
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, known reverentially as Ala Hazrat, was an Indian Islamic scholar, theologian, Mujadid or reviver of Islam jurist, preacher, poet from Bareilly, British India, considered as the founder of the Barelvi movement and the Razvi branch of the Qadri Sufi order.
Shibli Nomani was an Islamic scholar, poet, philosopher, historian, educational thinker, author, orator, reformer and critic of orientalists from Indian subcontinent during the British Raj. He is regarded as the father of Urdu historiography. He was also proficient in Arabic and Persian languages. Shibli was associated with two influential movements in the region, the Aligarh and the Nadwa movements. As a supporter of the Deobandi school, he believed that English language and European sciences should be incorporated into the education system. Shibli wrote several biographies of Muslim heroes, convinced that Muslims of his time could learn valuable lessons from the past. His synthesis of past and modern ideas contributed significantly to Islamic literature produced in Urdu between 1910 and 1935. Shibli established the Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy in 1914 to promote Islamic scholarship and also founded the Shibli National College in 1883. Although he collected much material on the life of Prophet Muhammad, he could only complete the first two volumes of the planned work, Sirat al-Nabi. His disciple, Sulaiman Nadvi, added to this material and wrote the remaining five volumes after Shibli's death.
Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Munir Nawaz Jang, also known as Syed Mehdi Ali, was an Indian Muslim politician. He was a close friend of Syed Ahmed Khan, was involved in the Aligarh Movement and was one of the founders of the All India Muslim League in 1906.
Syed Ahmad Barelvi, also known as Sayyid Ahmad Shahid, (1786–1831) was an Indian Islamic revivalist, scholar, and military commander from Raebareli, a part of the historical United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He launched the Indian jihad movement that waged a decades-long Islamic revolt against colonial rule across various provinces of British India. Sayyid Ahmad is revered as a major scholarly authority in the Ahl-i Hadith and Deobandi movements. The epithet 'Barelvi' is derived from Raebareli, his place of origin.
Arshadul Qadri was a Sunni Islamic scholar, author and missionary activist in India associated with the Barelvi movement who established several educational institutions and organizations in India.
Qaderi is an Arabic/Islamic surname. It is associated with the Sufi saint Abdul Qadir Gilani or the Qadiriyya order founded by him.
Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is a Sunni Madrasa in India. It is located in Mubarakpur in a Northern State of India, Uttar Pradesh.
Syed Ahmed Quadri was an administrator, educator, and senior officer in the government of the Nizam of Hyderabad and later on in the government of India and the UNO.
Islam in Uttar Pradesh is the second largest religion in the state with 38,483,967 adherents in 2011, forming 19.26% of the total population. Muslims of Uttar Pradesh have also been referred to as Hindustani Musalman. They do not form a unified ethnic community, but are differentiated by sectarian and Baradari divisions, as well as by language and geography. Nevertheless, the community shares some unifying cultural factors. Uttar Pradesh has more Muslims than any Muslim-majority country in the world except Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran and Turkey.
Al-Jame-atul Islamia is an Islamic seminary of Sunni-Barelvi Muslims in India. It is located in Raunahi, Ayodhya District, near Lucknow, in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in India.
Aligarh Muslim University is a public central university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1921, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act. It has three off-campus centres in AMU Malappuram Campus (Kerala), AMU Murshidabad Centre, and Kishanganj Centre (Bihar).
Syed Muhammad Ameen Mian Qadri is the Sajjada Nashin of the Khanqah-e-Barkatiya Marehra Shareef of Qadri Order, a subgroup of the Indian Sufi Barelvi movement and founder of Jamia Al Barkaat Aligarh with 50,000,000 adherents.
Sheikh Abdullah, also known as Papa Mian, was an Indian educationalist, social reformer, lawyer, founder of Women's College, Aligarh and a member of the Executive Council of the Aligarh Muslim University who served to the post from 1920 to 1928. Later in 1902, he was appointed to the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference as a secretary for women's section. He is primarily known for his contribution to the Muslim women education during British India period.
Syed Mohammed Izhar Ashraf was an Indian Sufi saint and Islamic scholar belonging to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam. He was the sajjadanasheen of Dargah of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani and Chief Patron the of All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board. He died on 22 February 2012 at age 78 while receiving treatment at the Ismailia Hospital.
Syed Muhammad Ashraf also known as S. M. Ashraf is an Indian Retired Civil Servant (IRS) and an Urdu novelist and short-story writer of distinction. He is first person to qualify civil service examination in Urdu language in India. He has written novels and several collections of short stories. Some of his stories have been translated into English and other languages. He has received the Sahitya Academy Award in 2004 and Aalmi Farogh-e-Urdu Adab Award by Majlis-e-Farogh-e-Urdu Qatar in 2018.
Syed Shah Barkatullah Marehrawi (1660–1729) also known as Pemi and Ishqi and Sahib-ul-Barkaat was an Indian poet, author and Sufi saint. He wrote in Awadhi, Persian, Hindi, Urdu, and Arabic. He was a contemporary of Aurangzeb.
Muhammad Asjad Raza Khan Qadri is an Indian Islamic scholar who belongs to the Barelvi movement and a descendant of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi and son and successor of Akhtar Raza Khan, former Grand Mufti of India. He is the Principal of Jamiatur Raza.
