Institutions that have an Islamic or Muslim identity or charter include:
Institutions founded before the colonial era and which are still in operation:
Institutions of religious education (most are classified as "madrasas", a term that means "school" or, literally, "place where lessons are given") founded during the colonial era:
Religious institutions (or madrasas) founded since the end of colonial rule in the respective countries:
These are institutions founded during colonial era that are not religious seminaries. Most are universities with a broad charter for comprehensive education in the Muslim communities they serve.
Educational institutions founded since end of colonial rule that are not religious seminaries, but have an Islamic or Muslim identity or charter, or devoted to sciences and arts usually associated with Islamic or Muslim culture and history: