The chimpanzee,also known as simply the chimp,is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative the bonobo was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee,this species was often called the common chimpanzee or the robust chimpanzee. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species in the genus Pan. Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows that Pan is a sister taxon to the human lineage and is humans' closest living relative. The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair,but has a bare face,fingers,toes,palms of the hands,and soles of the feet. It is larger and more robust than the bonobo,weighing 40–70 kg (88–154 lb) for males and 27–50 kg (60–110 lb) for females and standing 150 cm.
Arnhem is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland,located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek,which was the source of the city's development. Arnhem had a population of 163,972 on 1 December 2021,which made it one of the larger cities of the Netherlands. The municipality is part of the Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area,which has a combined number of 774,506 inhabitants on 31 January 2022.
Robert Mearns Yerkes was an American psychologist,ethologist,eugenicist and primatologist best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology.
Ham,a chimpanzee also known as Ham the Chimp and Ham the Astrochimp,was the first great ape launched into space. On January 31,1961,Ham flew a suborbital flight on the Mercury-Redstone 2 mission,part of the U.S. space program's Project Mercury.
Franciscus Bernardus Maria "Frans" de Waal is a Dutch primatologist and ethologist. He is the Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior in the Department of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,director of the Living Links Center at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory,and author of numerous books including Chimpanzee Politics (1982) and Our Inner Ape (2005). His research centers on primate social behavior,including conflict resolution,cooperation,inequity aversion,and food-sharing. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Robertus Henricus "Robbert" Dijkgraaf FRSE is a Dutch theoretical physicist,mathematician and string theorist,and the current Minister of Education,Culture and Science in the Netherlands. From July 2012 until his inauguration as minister in January 2022,he had been the director and Leon Levy professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,New Jersey,and a tenured professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Anthonie (Antoon) Cornelis Oudemans Jzn was a Dutch zoologist. Although he was a specialist in acarology,the study of the ticks and mites,he was often best known for his books on sea monsters and the dodo.
Johannes (Jan) Martinus Burgers was a Dutch physicist and the brother of the physicist Wilhelm G. Burgers. Burgers studied in Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest,where he obtained his PhD in 1918. He is known for the Burgers' equation,the Burgers vector in dislocation theory and the Burgers material in viscoelasticity.
Carolus Philippus "Carel" van Schaik is a Dutch primatologist who since 2004 is professor and director of the Anthropological Institute and Museum at the University of Zürich,Switzerland.
Royal Burgers' Zoo is a 45-hectare (110-acre) zoo in Arnhem,Netherlands,and is one of the biggest zoos in the country. Arnhem is a city that lies within the Veluwe,a nature park in the east of the Netherlands. The zoo is popular with both Dutch and German people,and receives about 1 million visitors annually. It was founded by Johan Burgers in 1913.
Leonard Salomon Ornstein was a Dutch physicist.
Willem Vrolik was a Dutch anatomist and pathologist who was a native of Amsterdam. He was a pioneer in the field of vertebrate teratology.
Johan Frederik Rudolph "Jan" van Hooff was a Dutch Patriot politician and statesman.
Josep Call is a Spanish comparative psychologist specializing in primate cognition.
The Family of Chimps is a 1984 Dutch documentary film directed by Bert Haanstra. The film is a study of the behaviour of a family of chimpanzees in Burgers' Zoo in Arnhem in the Netherlands. The documentary was inspired by the 1982 book Chimpansee politiek by primatologist and ethologist Frans de Waal.
David Andrew Whiten,known as Andrew Whiten is a British zoologist and psychologist,Professor of Evolutionary and Developmental Psychology,and Professor Wardlaw Emeritus at University of St Andrews in Scotland. He is known for his research in social cognition,specifically on social learning,tradition and the evolution of culture,social Machiavellian intelligence,autism and imitation,as well as the behavioral ecology of sociality. In 1996,Whiten and his colleagues invented an artificial fruit that allowed to study learning in apes and humans.
Marcus Johannes "Mark" Post is a Dutch pharmacologist who is Professor of Vascular Physiology at Maastricht University and Professor of Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology. On 5 August 2013,he was the first in the world to present a proof of concept for cultured meat. In 2020,he was listed by Prospect as the ninth-greatest thinker for the COVID-19 era.
Johannes Gerhardus Hendrikus Burgers was in 1913 the founder of Burgers' Dierenpark,nowadays called Royal Burgers' Zoo. He was the owner and director of it until 1939. His youngest daughter Lucie Burgers was his successor,with her husband Reinier van Hooff. Their son,Antoon van Hooff (1937-2004),further developed the zoo.
The 2022 Furuvik Zoo chimpanzee shootings occurred around 12 o'clock noon on Wednesday 14 December 2022,when a number of the chimpanzees kept at Furuvik Zoo in Furuvik,Gävle Municipality,Sweden,escaped from their enclosure into the chimpanzee building and made an attempt to enter the zoo itself,which was closed to the public for the winter season. The zoo staff responded by firing on the escaping apes with lethal force and live ammunition. The incident,which led to the deaths of at least four chimpanzees,caused significant domestic and international attention,and prompted much debate about zoos and the keeping of great apes in captivity. The incident has also been described as "the Massacre in Furuvik","the Furuvik Bloodbath",and "the Chimpanzee Drama".
