Jane's Revenge | |
---|---|
Foundation | May 8, 2022 |
Dates of operation | 2022 – present |
Country | United States |
Motives | Abortion rights |
Notable attacks | Claimed responsibility for firebombing, property-destruction, vandalism, arson |
Website | janesrevenge |
Jane's Revenge is a militant, [1] [2] [3] extremist [4] [5] [6] abortion rights group that encourages and claims responsibility [7] for acts of firebombing, vandalism, and arson in the United States. The group's actions have targeted crisis pregnancy centers, a church, and a congressional office. The claimed attacks began in May 2022 following the leak of a draft of the Supreme Court's anticipated decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ; the draft indicated that the Court would soon overturn its 1973 abortion rights decision in Roe v. Wade , and the Court, in fact, did reverse Roe the following month when its final decision in Dobbs was released.
On May 6, 2022, a draft of the Supreme Court of the United States decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization was leaked to the public. [8] The draft indicated that the Court intended to overturn two previous decisions, Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), which had conferred constitutional protections upon abortion rights. Jane's Revenge formed in response to the leak, [9] [ better source needed ] posting its "First Communiqué" on May 8, 2022. [10] (The name "Jane's Revenge" may refer to the pseudonymous "Jane Roe" of Roe v. Wade or to the Jane Collective, an underground organization founded by Heather Booth in 1969 that helped women obtain abortions prior to Roe v. Wade. [11] ) Posted after the firebombing of a crisis pregnancy center in Madison, Wisconsin, the "First Communiqué" read, in part, as follows:
'This was only a warning. We demand the disbanding of all anti-choice establishments, fake clinics, and violent anti-choice groups within the next thirty days. This is not a mere "difference of opinion" as some have framed it. We are literally fighting for our lives… As you continue to bomb clinics and assassinate doctors with impunity, so too shall we adopt increasingly extreme tactics to maintain freedom over our own bodies. We are forced to adopt the minimum military requirement for a political struggle'. [12] [13]
The main public mouthpiece of Jane's Revenge is an anonymous blog that lists actions taken that have been signed "Jane's Revenge", and sometimes claims credit for said actions. [14] The firebombing in Madison, Wisconsin was the first incident for which Jane's Revenge claimed credit. [15] [16]
On June 15, 2022, Jane's Revenge posted the following on its blog:
'We were unsurprised to see thirty days come and thirty days pass with no sign of consilience or even bare-minimum self-reflection from you who impersonate healthcare providers in order to harm the vulnerable... You could have walked away. Now the leash is off... From here forward, any anti-choice group who closes their doors, and stops operating will no longer be a target. But until you do, it’s open season, and we know where your operations are'. [17]
Later, Jane's Revenge called for a "night of rage" to occur if the Court overturned Roe. [1]
After the June 24 Dobbs decision overturning Roe v. Wade was released, Jane's Revenge vandalized a crisis pregnancy center in Virginia, [18] and committed arson at a second center in Colorado. [19] The FBI was called in to investigate the instance of arson in Colorado. [20] Jane's Revenge has claimed responsibility for a series of other arson attacks and acts of vandalism, some of which occurred before Dobbs was released and some of which occurred afterwards. [7] Mary Ziegler, a law professor at University of California, Davis, has attributed the actions of the group to a growing distrust in government and democratic institutions. [6]
On June 28, The Intercept reported that Facebook had internally labeled Jane's Revenge a terrorist organization, making the topic subject to the most stringent content filtering. [21]
Date | Target | City | Metro Area | State | Attack type | Claimed? | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 8, 2022 | Wisconsin Family Action | Madison | Madison | Wisconsin | Firebombing, arson, property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [7] [22] [23] |
May 14, 2022 | Alpha Pregnancy Center | Reisterstown | Baltimore | Maryland | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [24] [25] [23] |
May 22, 2022 | St. Michael's Catholic Church | Olympia | Seattle | Washington | Vandalism | Claimed | [7] [26] [27] |
May 25, 2022 | Next Step Pregnancy Services | Lynnwood | Seattle | Washington | Vandalism | Claimed | [28] [23] |
May 30, 2022 | Dove Medical Center | Eugene | Eugene | Oregon | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [23] |
May 30, 2022 | South Broward Pregnancy Center | Hollywood | Miami | Florida | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [23] |
June 2, 2022 | Agape Pregnancy Resource Center | Des Moines | Des Moines | Iowa | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [29] [30] [31] |
June 7, 2022 | CompassCare’s Buffalo (Pregnancy Resource Center) | Amherst | Buffalo-Niagara Falls | New York | Firebombing, property-destruction, vandalism (2 firefighters injured) | Claimed | [6] [32] |
June 7, 2022 | Mountain Area Pregnancy Services | Asheville | Asheville | North Carolina | Property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [12] |
June 8, 2022 | Options360 Women's Clinic | Vancouver | Portland | Washington | Vandalism | Claimed | [23] |
June 10, 2022 | First Image (Crisis Pregnancy Center) | Gresham | Portland | Oregon | Firebombing, property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [33] |
June 19, 2022 | The Lennon Pregnancy Center | Dearborn Heights | Detroit | Michigan | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [34] [23] |
June 19, 2022 | Pregnancy Care Center | Redford | Detroit | Michigan | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [23] |
June 21, 2022 | Office of Rep. Tim Walberg and Jackson Right to Life | Jackson | Metro Detroit | Michigan | Property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [35] |
June 25, 2022 | Life Choices Ministry | Longmont | Longmont | Colorado | Arson | Attributed | [19] |
June 25, 2022 | Blue Ridge Pregnancy Center | Lynchburg | Lynchburg | Virginia | Property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [18] |
June 26, 2022 | Tree of Life Pregnancy Support Center | Paso Robles | San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles | California | Property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [36] [37] |
June 26, 2022 | LifeChoice Pregnancy Center | Winter Haven | Lakeland-Winter Haven | Florida | Vandalism | Attributed | [38] [39] |
June 27, 2022 | Two Hearts Pregnancy Aid | Everett | Seattle | Washington | Arson, vandalism | Attributed | [7] [23] |
July 5, 2022 | Birthright (Crisis Pregnancy Center) | St. Paul | Twin Cities | Minnesota | Property-destruction, vandalism | Attributed | [40] |
July 8, 2022 | Problem Pregnancy | Worcester | Worcester | Massachusetts | Vandalism | Claimed | [7] [41] |
July 8, 2022 | Clearway Clinic | Worcester | Worcester | Massachusetts | Property-destruction, vandalism | Claimed | [41] |
August 19, 2022 | Bethlehem House | Easthampton | Springfield | Massachusetts | Vandalism | Claimed | [7] [42] |
April 15, 2023 | HerChoice | Bowling Green | Toledo | Ohio | Vandalism | Attributed | [43] [44] |
In May 2022, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) stated that Jane's Revenge is the target of an ongoing investigation. The Madison, Wisconsin police department also announced an investigation of their own in collaboration with the ATF. [16]
In June 2022, after the Dobbs v. Jackson decision was released, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released a memo concerning the group. The memo described Jane's Revenge as "a network of loosely affiliated suspected violent extremists [which] has been linked to arson attacks against the buildings of ideological opponents", warning of risk of violence that "could occur for weeks following the release" of the Supreme Court decision. [45]
In March 2023, a superseding indictment from the U.S. Department of Justice named four members of Jane's Revenge, whom they announced were facing prosecution under the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act for conspiring to both vandalize and threaten multiple pregnancy resource centers in Florida. [46]
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States generally protected a right to have an abortion. The decision struck down many abortion laws, and caused an ongoing abortion debate in the United States about whether, or to what extent, abortion should be legal, who should decide the legality of abortion, and what the role of moral and religious views in the political sphere should be. The decision also shaped debate concerning which methods the Supreme Court should use in constitutional adjudication. The Supreme Court overruled Roe in 2022, ending the constitutional right to abortion.
In the United States, abortion is a divisive issue in politics and culture wars, though a majority of Americans support access to abortion. Abortion laws vary widely from state to state.
A crisis pregnancy center (CPC), sometimes called a pregnancy resource center (PRC) or a pro-life pregnancy center, is a type of nonprofit organization established by anti-abortion groups primarily to persuade pregnant women not to have an abortion.
The United Statesanti-abortion movement is a movement in the United States that opposes induced abortion and advocates for the protection of fetal life. Advocates support legal prohibition or restriction on ethical, moral, or religious grounds, arguing that human life begins at conception and that the human zygote, embryo or fetus is a person and therefore has a right to life. The anti-abortion movement includes a variety of organizations, with no single centralized decision-making body. There are diverse arguments and rationales for the anti-abortion stance. Some allow for some permissible abortions, including therapeutic abortions, in exceptional circumstances such as incest, rape, severe fetal defects, or when the woman's health is at risk.
The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act is a United States law that was signed by President Bill Clinton in May 1994, which prohibits the following three things: (1) the use of physical force, threat of physical force, or physical obstruction to intentionally injure, intimidate, interfere with or attempt to injure, intimidate or interfere with any person who is obtaining an abortion, (2) the use of physical force, threat of physical force, or physical obstruction to intentionally injure, intimidate, interfere with or attempt to injure, intimidate or interfere with any person who is exercising or trying to exercise their First Amendment right of religious freedom at a place of religious worship, (3) the intentional damage or destruction of a reproductive health care facility or a place of worship.
As of 2022, abortion in Missouri is illegal, with abortions only being legal in cases of medical emergency and several additional laws making access to abortion services difficult. In 2014, a poll by the Pew Research Center found that 52% of Missouri adults said that abortion should be legal vs. 46% that believe it should be illegal in all or most cases. According to a 2014 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) study, 51% of white women in the state believed that abortion is legal in all or most cases.
Abortion in Illinois is legal. Laws about abortion dated to the early 1800s in Illinois; the first criminal penalties related to abortion were imposed in 1827, and abortion itself became illegal in 1867. As hospitals set up barriers in the 1950s, the number of therapeutic abortions declined. Following Roe v. Wade in 1973, Illinois passed a number of restrictions on abortion, many of which have subsequently been repealed. Illinois updated its existing abortion laws in June 2019. The state has seen a decline in the number of abortion clinics over the years, going from 58 in 1982 to 47 in 1992 to 24 in 2014.
Abortion in Idaho is illegal from fertilization. Following the overturning of Roe v. Wade on June 24, 2022, abortion in Idaho was criminalized by the trigger law which states that a person who performs an abortion may face two to five years of imprisonment. The ban allows exceptions for maternal health, rape and incest within the first trimester. The law took effect on August 25, 2022.
Abortion in Michigan is legal throughout pregnancy. A state constitutional amendment to explicitly guarantee abortion rights was placed on the ballot in 2022 as Michigan Proposal 22–3; it passed with 57 percent of the vote, adding the right to abortion and contraceptive use to the Michigan Constitution. The amendment largely prevents the regulation of abortion before fetal viability, unless said regulations are to protect the individual seeking an abortion, and it also makes it unconstitutional to make laws restricting abortions which would protect the life and health, physical and/or mental, of the pregnant individual seeking abortion.
Abortion in Montana is legal. The number of abortion clinics in Montana has fluctuated over the years, with twenty in 1982, twelve in 1992, eight providers of which seven were clinics in 2011, and five clinics in 2014. There were four clinics from 2015 to February 2018 when All Families Healthcare clinic in Whitefish reopened. There were 1,690 legal abortions in 2014, and 1,611 in 2015.
Abortion in Oregon is legal at all stages of pregnancy.
Abortion in Tennessee is illegal from fertilization, except to "prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman".
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Abortion in California is legal up to the point of fetal viability. An abortion ban was in place by 1900, and by 1950, it was a criminal offense for a woman to have an abortion. In 1962, the American Law Institute published their model penal code, as it applied to abortions, with three circumstances where they believed a physician could justifiably perform an abortion, and California adopted a version of this code. In 2002, the California State Legislature passed a law guaranteeing women the right to have an abortion "prior to viability of the fetus, or when the abortion is necessary to protect the life or health of the woman". In 2022, California voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 1, which amended the Constitution of California to explicitly protect the right to abortion and contraception by a margin of 33.76%.
Abortion in New Hampshire is legal up to the 24th week of pregnancy as of January 1, 2022, when a new law went into effect. Prior to this, the gestational limit was unclear. Abortion was criminalized in the state by 1900. In June 2003, the state passed a parental notification law, repealing it four years later before passing a new one in 2011. New Hampshire then passed a law in 2012 which required minors to wait 48 hours after requesting an abortion but no longer required parental consent. New Hampshire law regarding abortion has been heard before the US Supreme Court in the case Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England in 2006. The number of abortion clinics in New Hampshire has declined over the years, with 18 in 1982, 16 in 1992 and four in 2014. In 2010, there were three publicly funded abortions in the state; all three were federally funded. There are both active abortion rights and anti-abortion rights activists in the state.
Abortion in Maryland is legal at all stages of pregnancy. The first laws regulating abortion in the state were passed in 1867 and 1868, banning abortion except by a physician to "secure the safety of the mother." Abortion providers continued to operate both within and outside of the law. Legal enforcement became more strict from the 1940s through 60s, with numerous police raids on abortion providers. In 1968, Maryland passed a liberalized abortion law that clarified the wording of the previous law, allowing abortion in hospital settings in cases of rape, severe fetal deformity, or when life and health were endangered.
Abortion in Florida is generally illegal after six weeks from the woman's last menstrual period, when many women do not yet know they are pregnant. This law came into effect in May 2024, being approved by Republican Governor Ron DeSantis following its passage in the Florida House of Representatives and the Florida Senate, with only Republican state legislators supporting and only Democratic state legislators opposing. Additionally, pregnant women are generally required to make two visits to a medical facility 24 hours apart to be able to obtain an abortion, in a law approved by Republican Governor Rick Scott in 2015.
Wisconsin Family Council (WFC) is an American 501(c)(3) group that advocates for Christian fundamentalist policy. WFC's Madison, Wisconsin headquarters also house its 501(c)(4) government lobbying arm, Wisconsin Family Action. It was founded as Family Research Institute of Wisconsin by Marvin Munyon in 1986, patterned on the Family Research Institute.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U.S. 215 (2022), is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion. The court's decision overruled both Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), returning to the federal and state legislatures the power to regulate any aspect of abortion not protected by federal statutory law.
A series of ongoing protests supporting abortion rights and anti-abortion counter-protests began in the United States on May 2, 2022, following the leak of a draft majority opinion for the U.S. Supreme Court case Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which stated that the Constitution of the United States does not confer any Reproductive rights, thus overturning Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court officially overturned Roe and Casey in Dobbs, resulting in further protests outside of the U.S. Supreme Court building and across the country, eventually to major cities across the world both in favor of and against the decision.