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Boniface,OSB was an English Benedictine monk and leading figure in the Anglo-Saxon mission to the Germanic parts of Francia during the eighth century. He organised significant foundations of the church in Germany and was made bishop of Mainz by Pope Gregory III. He was martyred in Frisia in 754,along with 52 others,and his remains were returned to Fulda,where they rest in a sarcophagus which remains a site of Christian pilgrimage.
Fulda is a town in Hesse,Germany;it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). In 1990,the town hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival.
Carloman was the eldest son of Charles Martel,mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks,and his wife Chrotrud of Treves. On Charles's death (741),Carloman and his brother Pepin the Short succeeded to their father's legal positions,Carloman in Austrasia,and Pepin in Neustria. He was a member of the family later called the Carolingians and it can be argued that he was instrumental in consolidating their power at the expense of the ruling Merovingian kings of the Franks. He withdrew from public life in 747 to take up the monastic habit,"the first of a new type of saintly king",according to Norman Cantor,"more interested in religious devotion than royal power,who frequently appeared in the following three centuries and who was an indication of the growing impact of Christian piety on Germanic society".
A cloister is a covered walk,open gallery,or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church,commonly against a warm southern flank,usually indicates that it is part of a monastic foundation,"forming a continuous and solid architectural barrier... that effectively separates the world of the monks from that of the serfs and workmen,whose lives and works went forward outside and around the cloister."
Wigbert,(Wihtberht) born in Wessex around 675,was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine monk and a missionary and disciple of Boniface who travelled with the latter in Frisia and northern and central Germany to convert the local tribes to Christianity. His feast day is August 13.
Lorsch Abbey,otherwise the Imperial Abbey of Lorsch,is a former Imperial abbey in Lorsch,Germany,about 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Worms. It was one of the most important monasteries of the Carolingian Empire. Even in its ruined state,its remains are among the most important pre-Romanesque–Carolingian style buildings in Germany.
The Plan of Saint Gall is a medieval architectural drawing of a monastic compound dating from 820–830 AD. It depicts an entire Benedictine monastic compound,including churches,houses,stables,kitchens,workshops,brewery,infirmary,and a special house for bloodletting. According to calculations based on the manuscript's tituli the complex was meant to house about 110 monks,115 lay visitors,and 150 craftmen and agricultural workers. The Plan was never actually built,and was so named because it is dedicated to Gozbert abbot of Saint Gall. The planned church was intended to keep the relics of Saint Gall. The plan was kept at the famous medieval monastery library of the Abbey of St. Gall,the Stiftsbibliothek Sankt Gallen where it remains to this day.
Leoba,OSB was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine nun and is recognized as a saint. In 746 she and others left Wimborne Minster in Dorset to join her kinsman Boniface in his mission to the German people. She was a learned woman and was involved in the foundation of nunneries in Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt. She had a leading role in evangelizing the area. Leoba was acclaimed for many miracles:saving a village from fire;saving a town from a terrible storm;protecting the reputation of the nuns in her convent;and saving the life of a fellow nun who was gravely ill –all accomplished through prayer.
Carolingian architecture is the style of north European Pre-Romanesque architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries,when the Carolingian dynasty dominated west European politics. It was a conscious attempt to emulate Roman architecture and to that end it borrowed heavily from Early Christian and Byzantine architecture,though there are nonetheless innovations of its own,resulting in a unique character.
Gorze Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Gorze in the present arrondissement of Metz,near Metz in Lorraine. It was prominent as the source of a monastic reform movement in the 930s.
Hersfeld Abbey was an important Benedictine imperial abbey in the town of Bad Hersfeld in Hesse,Germany,at the confluence of the rivers Geisa,Haune and Fulda. The ruins are now a medieval festival venue.
Rudolf of Fulda was a Benedictine monk during the Carolingian period in the 9th century. Rudolf was active at Fulda Abbey in the present-day German state of Hesse. He was one of the most distinguished scholars of his time. Many of his works have been lost. However,his Annals of Fulda and Life of St. Leoba survive.
Eigil was the fourth abbot of Fulda. He was the nephew and biographer of the abbey's founder and first abbot Saint Sturm. We know about Eigil primarily from the Latin Life that the monk and teacher of Fulda,Candidus Bruun composed about him after his death.
The Abbey of Fulda,from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda,was a Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda,in the present-day German state of Hesse.
Sturm,also called Sturmius or Sturmi,was a disciple of Boniface and founder and first abbot of the Benedictine monastery and abbey of Fulda in 742 or 744. Sturm's tenure as abbot lasted from 747 until 779.
Gozbald,in Latin Gozbaldus or Gauzbaldus,was the abbot of Niederaltaich from 825,and the bishop of Würzburg from 842,until his death. He also served as chorbishop of the diocese of Passau. On the basis of an entry in the confraternity book of Reichenau Abbey,the historian Gerd Althoff suggests that Gozbald belonged to the Hattonian family.
Saint Solus was an English monk,in Germany with St. Boniface.
The Ragyndrudis Codex is an early medieval codex of religious texts,now in Fulda in Germany,which is closely associated with Saint Boniface,who,according to tradition,used it at the time of his martyrdom to ward off the swords or axes of the Frisians who killed him on 5 June 754 near Dokkum,Friesland. This long association has given the codex the status of a contact relic.
Baugulf was a prominent Benedictine abbot in the Carolingian church. He was the second abbot of the Abbey of Fulda in present-day Germany. He served from 779 to 802 CE and was succeeded by Ratgar.
The Carolingian Church encompasses the practices and institutions of Christianity in the Frankish kingdoms under the rule of the Carolingian dynasty (751-888). In the eighth and ninth centuries,Western Europe witnessed decisive developments in the structure and organisation of the church,relations between secular and religious authorities,monastic life,theology,and artistic endeavours. Christianity was the principal religion of the Carolingian Empire. Through military conquests and missionary activity,Latin Christendom expanded into new areas,such as Saxony and Bohemia. These developments owed much to the leadership of Carolingian rulers themselves,especially Charlemagne and Louis the Pious,whose courts encouraged successive waves of religious reform and viewed Christianity as a unifying force in their empire.
References
- ↑ J.E. Raaijmakers, 1973 at the University of Amsterdam Album Academicum.
- ↑ Zola, Alan G. (2008). Radbertus's Monastic Voice: Ideas about Monasticism at Ninth-century Corbie. p. 8. ISBN 9780549840299.
- ↑ Bolgia, Claudia (2006). "The Mosaics of Gregory IV at S. Marco, Rome: Papal Response to Venice, Byzantium, and the Carolingians". Speculum . 81 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1017/s0038713400019369. JSTOR 20463605. S2CID 154980669.
- ↑ Diem, Albrecht (2007). "Monks, Kings, and the Transformation of Sanctity: Jonas of Bobbio and the End of the Holy Man". Speculum . 82 (3): 521–59. doi:10.1017/s0038713400010241. JSTOR 20466000. S2CID 163124468.
- ↑ Coon, Lynda L. (2011). Dark Age Bodies: Gender and Monastic Practice in the Early Medieval West. U of Pennsylvania P. pp. 269–70. ISBN 9780812204919.
- ↑ Coon, Lynda L. (2014). "Janneke Raaijmakers. The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c. 744-c. 900". The American Historical Review . 119 (1): 230–31. doi:10.1093/ahr/119.1.230. ISSN 0002-8762.
- ↑ Sowerby, Richard (2013). "Review: Janneke Raaijmakers, The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c. 744–c. 900". Speculum . 88 (4): 1144–45. doi:10.1017/S0038713413003230. ISSN 0038-7134.
- ↑ Raaijmakers, Janneke; Frank Brandsma (2005). "Interview Janneke Raaijmakers en Frank Brandsma Nadenken over emoties met Barbara Rosenwein". Madoc: 162–66.
- ↑ "In Memoriam Janneke Raaijmakers (1973-2021) - News - Utrecht University". www.uu.nl. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
