Jean Maitron | |
---|---|
Born | 17 December 1910 Sardy-lès-Épiry, Nièvre, France |
Died | 16 November 1987 76) Créteil, France | (aged
Nationality | French |
Occupation | Historian |
Known for | Le Maitron |
Jean Maitron (1910–1987) was a French historian specialist of the labour movement. [1]
Maitron, however, is best known for his Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français (DBMOF or, more currently, Le Maitron ), a comprehensive biographical dictionary of figures from the French workers' movement which was continued after his death, as well as a study of anarchism, History of anarchism in France (first ed. 1951), [2] which has become a classic. Starting with the 1789 French Revolution, it includes 103,000 entries gathered by 455 different authors working under Maitron's direction. The Maitron has now extended itself with international versions, treating Austria (1971), United Kingdom (1979 and 1986), Japan (1979), Germany (1990), China (1985), Morocco (1998), United States from 1848 to 1922 (2002), a transnational one about the Komintern (2001) and the most recently published about Algeria (2006), almost all published at the Éditions de l'Atelier . [3]
Maitron wrote in 1950 a study on the anarchism movement in France and wrote a complementary study of Paul Delessale, an anarcho-syndicalist. He retired in 1976 and was nominated as chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 1982 and a chevalier des Arts et Lettres in 1985. [4]
Jean Jérôme (1906–1990) was a French communist activist and Resistance member. Born as Michał Feintuch, he took the pseudonym Jean Jérôme in 1940, until his death.
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist. French anarchists fought in the Spanish Civil War as volunteers in the International Brigades. According to journalist Brian Doherty, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone."
Pierre Besnard was a French revolutionary syndicalist. He was the Secretary of the Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire (CGT-SR) from 1929, and the Secretary of the International Workers' Association.
Henry Poulaille was a French writer and a pioneer of proletarian literature.
Maurice Rabier was a French politician.
Sophia Zaïkowska was a Russian-born French writer and activist, individualist anarchist of Polish descent, nutritionist and early promoter of veganism.
Paul Delesalle was a French anarchist and syndicalist who was prominent in the trade union movement. He started work as a machinist, became a journalist, and later became a bookseller, publisher and writer.
François Mayoux was a French teacher who became in turn a socialist, communist and revolutionary syndicalist. He and his wife Marie Mayoux were imprisoned during World War I (1914–18) for publishing a pacifist pamphlet. He wrote many articles for anarchist journals.
Louis Alexandre Louvet was a French tram driver, proofreader, anarcho-syndicalist activist and anarchist. He wrote for many anarchist journals.
Le Libertaire is a Francophone anarchist newspaper established in New York City in June 1858 by the exiled anarchist Joseph Déjacque. It appeared at slightly irregular intervals until February 1861. The title reappeared in Algiers in 1892 and was then produced in Brussels between 1893 and 1894.
Maria Isidorovna Goldsmith, also known as Marie Goldsmith, was a Russian Jewish anarchist and collaborator of Peter Kropotkin. She also wrote under the pseudonyms Maria Isidine and Maria Korn.
Dictionnaire des anarchistes is a biographical dictionary of French anarchists published in 2014 within the Le Maitron series.
Eugène Bizeau was a French anarchist poet and chansonnier. He contributed to many periodicals and libertarian newspapers of his time, including le Libertaire. He belonged to the "Muse Rouge" group with Gaston Couté and Aristide Bruant.
Anarchism spread into Belgium as Communards took refuge in Brussels with the fall of the Paris Commune. Most Belgian members in the First International joined the anarchist Jura Federation after the socialist schism. Belgian anarchists also organized the 1886 Walloon uprising, the Libertarian Communist Group, and several Bruxellois newspapers at the turn of the century. Apart from new publications, the movement dissipated through the internecine antimilitarism in the interwar period. Several groups emerged mid-century for social justice and anti-fascism.
Lucien Tronchet was a Swiss anarcho-syndicalist activist. An emblematic figure of trade unionism in Geneva, he took action alongside Italian anti-fascist refugees and Spanish libertarians during the Spanish Civil War. A convinced antimilitarist, he spent two times, in 1920 and 1940, in prison for "refusing to serve" in the Swiss Army.
Marianne Debouzy, born Marianne Bella Lehmann, was a French historian who specialized in American history.
Julia Bertrand (1877–1960) was a French teacher, anarchist, and feminist.
Le Maitron is a set of labor movement biographical dictionaries compiled by historian Jean Maitron and his successor Claude Pennetier.
Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français is a 44-volume set of biographical dictionaries of the French labor movement compiled by historian Jean Maitron and his successor Claude Pennetier between 1967 and 1997.
Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier international is a nine-volume labor movement biographical dictionary series edited by historian Jean Maitron and his successor Claude Pennetier. It extends the Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français to countries outside of France and is part of the collection together known as Le Maitron.