Related Research Articles
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention,language use,memory,perception,problem solving,creativity,and reasoning.
Jean William Fritz Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called genetic epistemology.
An image schema is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition,image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions,from linguistic experience,and from historical context. The term is introduced in Mark Johnson's book The Body in the Mind;in case study 2 of George Lakoff's Women,Fire and Dangerous Things: and further explained by Todd Oakley in The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics; by Rudolf Arnheim in Visual Thinking;by the collection From Perception to Meaning:Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics edited by Beate Hampe and Joseph E. Grady.
In psychology and cognitive science,a schema describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas,a framework representing some aspect of the world,or a system of organizing and perceiving new information,such as a mental schema or conceptual model. Schemata influence attention and the absorption of new knowledge:people are more likely to notice things that fit into their schema,while re-interpreting contradictions to the schema as exceptions or distorting them to fit. Schemata have a tendency to remain unchanged,even in the face of contradictory information. Schemata can help in understanding the world and the rapidly changing environment. People can organize new perceptions into schemata quickly as most situations do not require complex thought when using schema,since automatic thought is all that is required.
Michael Tomasello is an American developmental and comparative psychologist,as well as a linguist. He is professor of psychology at Duke University.
Dedre Dariel Gentner is an American cognitive and developmental psychologist. She is the Alice Gabriel Twight Professor of Psychology at Northwestern University,and a leading researcher in the study of analogical reasoning.
The cognitive revolution was an intellectual movement that began in the 1950s as an interdisciplinary study of the mind and its processes,from which emerged a new field known as cognitive science. The preexisting relevant fields were psychology,linguistics,computer science,anthropology,neuroscience,and philosophy. The approaches used were developed within the then-nascent fields of artificial intelligence,computer science,and neuroscience. In the 1960s,the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies and the Center for Human Information Processing at the University of California,San Diego were influential in developing the academic study of cognitive science. By the early 1970s,the cognitive movement had surpassed behaviorism as a psychological paradigm. Furthermore,by the early 1980s the cognitive approach had become the dominant line of research inquiry across most branches in the field of psychology.
Leda Cosmides is an American psychologist,who,together with anthropologist husband John Tooby,pioneered the field of evolutionary psychology.
John Tooby was an American anthropologist who,together with his psychologist wife Leda Cosmides,pioneered the field of evolutionary psychology.
Susan E. Carey is an American psychologist who is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. She studies language acquisition,children's development of concepts,conceptual changes over time,and the importance of executive functions. She has conducted experiments on infants,toddlers,adults,and non-human primates. Her books include Conceptual Change in Childhood (1985) and The Origin of Concepts (2009).
Melissa Bowerman was a leading researcher in the area of language acquisition. From 1982 to 2007,she was a senior research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.
Susan A. Gelman is currently Heinz Werner Distinguished University Professor of psychology and linguistics and the director of the Conceptual Development Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Gelman studies language and concept development in young children. Gelman subscribes to the domain specificity view of cognition,which asserts that the mind is composed of specialized modules supervising specific functions in the human and other animals. Her book The Essential Child is an influential work on cognitive development.
George Mandler was an Austrian-born American psychologist,who became a distinguished professor of psychology at the University of California,San Diego.
Conceptual change is the process whereby concepts and relationships between them change over the course of an individual person's lifetime or over the course of history. Research in four different fields –cognitive psychology,cognitive developmental psychology,science education,and history and philosophy of science - has sought to understand this process. Indeed,the convergence of these four fields,in their effort to understand how concepts change in content and organization,has led to the emergence of an interdisciplinary sub-field in its own right. This sub-field is referred to as "conceptual change" research.
Katherine Nelson was an American developmental psychologist,and professor.
David Richard Olson is a Canadian cognitive developmental psychologist who has studied the development of language,literacy,and cognition,particularly the mental lives of children,their understanding of language and mind and the psychology of teaching. Olson is University Professor Emeritus at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto,where he has taught since 1966.
Robyn Fivush is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Psychology and Director of the Institute for the Liberal Arts at Emory University,College of Arts and Sciences in Atlanta,Georgia. She is well known for her research on parent-child narrative in relation to the development of autobiographical memory. Fivush is affiliated with the Departments of Psychology and Women's Studies at Emory.
Patricia J. Bauer is Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Psychology at Emory University. She is known for her research in the field of cognitive development,with a specific focus on how children develop their earliest memories and how their memory is influenced by parents,peers,and the environment around them. Her research has explored the phenomenon of childhood amnesia and how social,cognitive,and neural changes relate to the development of autobiographical memory.
Soonja Choi (Korean: 최순자) is an Austria-based linguist from South Korea. She specializes in language acquisition,semantics,and the linguistics of Korean.
Seana Coulson is a cognitive scientist known for her research on the neurobiology of language and studies of how meaning is constructed in human language,including experimental pragmatics,concepts,semantics,and metaphors. She is a professor in the Cognitive Science department at University of California,San Diego,where her Brain and Cognition Laboratory focuses on the cognitive neuroscience of language and reasoning.
References
- ↑ Mandler, J. M. (1957). Irregular maintenance schedules and drive. Science, 126, 505-507.
- ↑ Mandler, J. M., & Johnson, N. S. (1977). Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 111-151.
- ↑ Mandler, J. M. (2004). The foundations of mind: The origins of conceptual thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ "Obituary: UC San Diego Psychology Department Founder George Mandler, 91". Archived from the original on 2016-05-22. Retrieved 2016-05-19.
- ↑ Obituary for George Mandler, psychologicalscience.org. Accessed 27 March 2024.
