Jeremiah Dummer | |
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![]() Self portrait | |
Born | September 14, 1645 |
Died | May 24, 1718 72) | (aged
Occupation(s) | Silversmith, painter, engraver |
Known for | First American-born silversmith |
Children | 8, including Jeremiah and William |
Father | Richard Dummer |
Jeremiah Dummer (September 14, 1645 – May 24, 1718) was a Massachusetts silversmith, painter, and engraver. [1] [2] [3] He created the first paper currency in the Connecticut Colony, and his son Jeremiah Dummer was involved with the foundation of Yale University.
Dummer was born in Newbury, Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first son of Richard Dummer and his second wife, Frances Burr. [4]
At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to John Hull, the mintmaster at Boston. [4] Hull recorded at the time that he "received into my house Jeremie Dummer ... to serve me as Apprentice eight years". [5] When he was 23 he started on his own and became a prolific and notable silversmith making tankards, beakers, porringers, caudle cups and candlesticks. The fluted band on a plain surface is characteristic of his work. [4] [6] He is said to have introduced into American silver the ornamentation known as "gadrooning", curved flutings on the surface of silver. [7]
He held many public offices, and was a Member and Captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Society in 1671 and Constable of Boston in 1675–76. [4] He was appointed Freeman of Boston in 1680, a member of Capt Hutchinson's Company in 1684, a member of the Council of Safety against Andres in 1689, a Selectman of Boston 1691–92, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County 1702–15, Treasurer of Suffolk County 1711–16, and was a member in full communion at the venerable First Church. [4]
He was also an engraver, and engraved plates for currency: in 1710 he printed the first paper money in Connecticut. [4] When the government of Connecticut decided in 1709 to issue paper currency, or Bills of Exchange, Dummer was selected to do the engraving of the plates and the printing of the bills. Journals of the council for 1710 show transactions with Dummer relating to this currency, and in 1712 Governor Saltonstall laid before the Council Board Dummer's bill for printing 6,550 sheets of this paper currency. Dummer's former apprentice, John Coney, had the distinction of engraving the plates for the first paper money issued by Massachusetts some years previously, the first issued on the American continent, [8] although some sources also credit Dummer with the engraving of the Massachusetts copper plates. [9]
Dummer was also one America's foremost early portrait painters. Among his paintings are a self-portrait and portrait of his wife, Anna, [10] together with portraits of many of his contemporaries. [11]
He died on May 24, 1718, in Boston. [1] His obituary printed in the Boston News-Letter on June 2, 1718, said:
Departed this life Jeremiah Dummer, Esqr., in the 73rd year of his Age, after a long retirement ... having served his country faithfully in several Publick Stations, and obtained of all that knew him the Character of a Just, Virtuous, and Pious Man; [1]
His apprentices included: [12] [ unreliable source? ]
He was a prolific craftsman and over one hundred pieces listed as made by him have been preserved. [6] Dummer's silverwork mark is "ID enclosed over a fleur-de-lis in a heart or occasionally ID in a rectangle". [7]
Among his works in public museum collections:
From time to time, Dummer's work comes up for auction.
In January 2005, several pieces of silver from the First Church of Christ, Farmington, Connecticut, came up for auction at Sotheby's, New York. [5] Top prices were achieved by a silver two-handled cup c. 1690 ($144,000), [29] a silver two-handled cup c. 1675 ($168,000) [30] and a silver two-handled cup, by John Hull and Robert Sanderson, overstruck by Jeremiah Dummer, c. 1670 which fetched the top price of $204,000. [31]
In January 2007, a beaker from 1670 was auctioned at the New York auction house Christie's, with an estimate of $150,000 to $250,000. [32] The cup, which was given to The First Church in Salem in 1684 by Francis Skerry, who ran a local malt house, realised $204,000, and was bought by an "anonymous collector". [33] [34]
In 1672, he was married in Boston to Anna Atwater, daughter of Joseph Atwater of Boston. [35] They had eight children:
His half-brother, Shubael (1636–1692), founded the first Congregational church at York, Maine, in 1672 and was killed by Abenakis in the Candlemas Massacre of 1692. [37]
Jeremiah Dummer was a Massachusetts-born politician and writer who was an important figure in the New England Colonies during the early 18th century. His most significant contributions to American history were his A Defense of the New England Charters and his role in the formation of Yale College.
The pound was the currency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its colonial predecessors until 1793. The Massachusetts pound used the £sd currency system of 1 pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. Initially, sterling coin and foreign currencies circulated in Massachusetts, supplemented by pine tree shillings produced by John Hull between 1652 and 1682 and by local paper money as of 1690.
Events from the year 1718 in art.
Events from the year 1645 in art.
The silver Sapieha beaker is a 16th-century beaker, which originally belonged to Grygor Sapieha and was made in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Sapieha family played an important role in Lithuania's history through much of the 16th century. In 2007 the beaker was auctioned at Christie's London for £132,500. At the time the purchaser remained anonymous.
John Hull was an English-born merchant, silversmith, slave trader and politician who spent the majority of his life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After arriving in North America, he worked as a silversmith in Boston before becoming the moneyer responsible for issuing the colony's pine tree shillings in the mid-17th century. Hull was also a successful merchant and engaged in slave-trading on multiple occasions. He was also an early benefactor of Harvard College and a co-founder of the Old South Church.
Rev. Shubael Dummer was an American Congregational church minister who was killed in the Raid on York in York, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Described as a man of "beautiful Christian character", Dummer founded the First Parish Congregational Church of York, the oldest church congregation in what is now the U.S. state of Maine.
John Coney was an American silversmith and goldsmith from Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay. He specialized in engraving. From the 1690s on, Coney was considered the most important Bostonian silversmith of his day. In 1702, he engraved the paper money for Massachusetts. Coney also designed a version of the seal of Harvard College.
Colonel Edward Winslow was an American silversmith and military officer.
Nathaniel Hurd is recognized as the first American engraver and a silversmith in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 18th century. He engraved "bookplates ... heraldic devices, seals, ... paper currency, and business cards" along with die engravers and engravers on copper.
Adrian Bancker, also known as Adriaan or Adrianus Bancker, was a prominent silversmith in New York City.
Bartholomew Le Roux was an early American silversmith, active in New York City.
Cornelius Kierstede was a noted early American silversmith, active in New York City and New Haven, Connecticut.
William Cowell Sr. was a silversmith active in Boston in the Thirteen Colonies.
Thomas Charles Fletcher was a prominent American silversmith and merchant, active in Boston and Philadelphia. His firm of Fletcher & Gardiner was nationally renowned.
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Hans Jørgen Thorvald Christensen (1924–1983) was a Danish-born American master silversmith, metalsmith, jeweler, designer, and educator. In the second half of the 20th century, he was a major contributor to handcrafted silver design in the United States.
Marquand and Company was a U.S. silverware firm that was in business from 1804 to 1838.They specialized in intricate pieces of silver, such as tea services, tongs, pitchers, and trays. The company sold out of their specialty department store in New York City, as well as across the country. The Marquands, through their company, were able to amass a substantial fortune, allowing them to become major philanthropists. Frederick, for example, was instrumental in the founding of Pequot Library, while his brother Henry Gurdon Marquand played a pivotal role in establishing the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
(in footnote) [1718] May 24th ... This day Capt. Dummer dies