This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject , potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral.(August 2023) |
Jeremy Levy | |
---|---|
Born | New York City, New York, U.S. | May 18, 1965
Education | |
Spouse | |
Children | 2 |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Condensed Matter Physics |
Institutions | University of Pittsburgh University of California Santa Barbara Harvard University |
Doctoral advisor | Mark Sherwin |
Website | Jeremy Levy's Lab Jeremy Levy's Google Scholar Page |
Jeremy Levy (born May 18, 1965) is an American physicist who is a Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Pittsburgh. [1]
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources .(August 2023) |
Levy received his B.A. degree from Harvard University (1988), and his Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Santa Barbara (1993) under the supervision of Mark Sherwin. After his Ph.D., he was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara with David Awschalom. He started his independent academic career as an assistant professor in physics in 1996 and currently distinguished professor of physics in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh. He also holds an Adjunct Faculty position in both physics and electrical and computer engineering departments at Carnegie Mellon University.
Levy also worked as a film and television actor from age 11 to 12. He acted in NBC's Holocaust , and played the role of Aaron Feldman. He also had a lead role in the feature film Rich Kids , playing the role of Jamie Harris.
Apart from his research, Levy served for a decade as founding director of the Pittsburgh Quantum Institute (PQI) from 2012-2022, whose mission is “to help unify and promote quantum science and engineering in Pittsburgh.” PQI has over 100 Faculty members in multiple departments at the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, and Duquesne University.
Levy's research interests center around the emerging field of oxide nanoelectronics, experimental and theoretical realizations for quantum computation, semiconductor and oxide spintronics, quantum transport and nanoscale optics, and dynamical phenomena in oxide materials and films. Levy’s early Ph.D. research focused on the nonlinear dynamical properties of sliding charge-density waves. [2] His postdoctoral research investigated the properties of dilute magnetic semiconductor heterostructures, where he developed a low-temperature near-field scanning optical microscope and used it to investigate Mn-doped ZnSe/(Zn,Cd)Se heterostructure and superlattices as well as self-assembled quantum dots.
After moving to the University of Pittsburgh, Levy began a research program centered around high-resolution imaging of the spatial and temporal dynamics of ferroelectric thin films. In 1999, Levy worked toward an experimental realization of a quantum computer based on ferroelectrically coupled Ge/Si quantum dots. [3] Levy was funded through the DARPA QuIST program that supported the Center for Oxide-Semiconductor Materials for Quantum Computation, which Levy directed for 10 years. During that time, Levy initiated a theoretical research effort aimed at developing various families of logical qubits based on spin pairs, [4] spin clusters, [5] cluster-state qubits, [6] and dimerized spin chains. [7]
In 2006, Levy visited the group of Jochen Mannhart who had discovered a sharp insulator-to-metal transition in oxide heterostructure composed of a thin layer of LaAlO3 grown on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3. The 3-unit-cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 was metastable and could be switched with a voltage applied to the back of the SrTiO3substrate. Levy and his student Cheng Cen showed that a biased conductive atomic force microscope tip could locally switch the interface of the 3-unit-cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure system, [8] thus launching a new field that Levy refers to as “Correlated Nanoelectronics”.
Levy has conducted research in a variety of areas:
Levy was born in New York City. In 1990, he married Chandralekha Singh who is also a physicist and currently a distinguished professor in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of Pittsburgh. They were classmates in the Ph.D. program at the University of California, Santa Barbara. They have two sons.[ citation needed ]
A perovskite is any material with a crystal structure following the formula ABX3, which was first discovered as the mineral called perovskite, which consists of calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). The mineral was first discovered in the Ural mountains of Russia by Gustav Rose in 1839 and named after Russian mineralogist L. A. Perovski (1792–1856). 'A' and 'B' are two positively charged ions (i.e. cations), often of very different sizes, and X is a negatively charged ion (an anion, frequently oxide) that bonds to both cations. The 'A' atoms are generally larger than the 'B' atoms. The ideal cubic structure has the B cation in 6-fold coordination, surrounded by an octahedron of anions, and the A cation in 12-fold cuboctahedral coordination. Additional perovskite forms may exist where either/both the A and B sites have a configuration of A1x-1A2x and/or B1y-1B2y and the X may deviate from the ideal coordination configuration as ions within the A and B sites undergo changes in their oxidation states.
This is a timeline of quantum computing.
Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is a magnetoresistive effect that occurs in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which is a component consisting of two ferromagnets separated by a thin insulator. If the insulating layer is thin enough, electrons can tunnel from one ferromagnet into the other. Since this process is forbidden in classical physics, the tunnel magnetoresistance is a strictly quantum mechanical phenomenon, and lies in the study of spintronics.
In quantum computing, a charge qubit is a qubit whose basis states are charge states. In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction to a superconducting reservoir. The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction. In contrast with the charge state of an atomic or molecular ion, the charge states of such an "island" involve a macroscopic number of conduction electrons of the island. The quantum superposition of charge states can be achieved by tuning the gate voltage U that controls the chemical potential of the island. The charge qubit is typically read-out by electrostatically coupling the island to an extremely sensitive electrometer such as the radio-frequency single-electron transistor.
Multiferroics are defined as materials that exhibit more than one of the primary ferroic properties in the same phase:
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics. It is an electron gas that is free to move in two dimensions, but tightly confined in the third. This tight confinement leads to quantized energy levels for motion in the third direction, which can then be ignored for most problems. Thus the electrons appear to be a 2D sheet embedded in a 3D world. The analogous construct of holes is called a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), and such systems have many useful and interesting properties.
A quantum point contact (QPC) is a narrow constriction between two wide electrically conducting regions, of a width comparable to the electronic wavelength.
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers in semiconductor devices. The first spin qubit quantum computer was first proposed by Daniel Loss and David P. DiVincenzo in 1997, also known as the Loss–DiVincenzo quantum computer. The proposal was to use the intrinsic spin-1/2 degree of freedom of individual electrons confined in quantum dots as qubits. This should not be confused with other proposals that use the nuclear spin as qubit, like the Kane quantum computer or the nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer. Intel has developed quantum computers based on silicon spin qubits, also called hot qubits.
The nitrogen-vacancy center is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond. Its most explored and useful properties include its spin-dependent photoluminescence, and its relatively long (millisecond) spin coherence at room temperature. The NV center energy levels are modified by magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, and strain, which allow it to serve as a sensor of a variety of physical phenomena. Its atomic size and spin properties can form the basis for useful quantum sensors. It has also been explored for applications in quantum computing, quantum simulation, and spintronics.
In its most general form, the magnetoelectric effect (ME) denotes any coupling between the magnetic and the electric properties of a material. The first example of such an effect was described by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1888, who found that a dielectric material moving through an electric field would become magnetized. A material where such a coupling is intrinsically present is called a magnetoelectric.
Kathryn Ann Moler is an American physicist, and current dean of research at Stanford University. She received her BSc (1988) and Ph.D. (1995) from Stanford University. After working as a visiting scientist at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in 1995, she held a postdoctoral position at Princeton University from 1995 to 1998. She joined the faculty of Stanford University in 1998, and became an Associate in CIFAR's Superconductivity Program in 2000. She became an associate professor at Stanford in 2002 and is currently a professor of applied physics and of Physics at Stanford. She currently works in the Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials (GLAM), and is the director of the Center for Probing the Nanoscale (CPN), a National Science Foundation-funded center where Stanford and IBM scientists continue to improve scanning probe methods for measuring, imaging, and controlling nanoscale phenomena. She lists her scientific interests and main areas of research and experimentation as:
The interface between lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a notable materials interface because it exhibits properties not found in its constituent materials. Individually, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 are non-magnetic insulators, yet LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces can exhibit electrical metallic conductivity, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity. The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface is a growing area of research in condensed matter physics.
Bernhard Keimer is a German physicist and Director at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research. His research group uses spectroscopic methods to explore quantum many-body phenomena in correlated-electron materials and metal-oxide heterostructures.
Jochen Mannhart is a German physicist.
Lanthanum aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula LaAlO3, often abbreviated as LAO. It is an optically transparent ceramic oxide with a distorted perovskite structure.
A polar metal, metallic ferroelectric, or ferroelectric metal is a metal that contains an electric dipole moment. Its components have an ordered electric dipole. Such metals should be unexpected, because the charge should conduct by way of the free electrons in the metal and neutralize the polarized charge. However they do exist. Probably the first report of a polar metal was in single crystals of the cuprate superconductors YBa2Cu3O7−δ. A polarization was observed along one (001) axis by pyroelectric effect measurements, and the sign of the polarization was shown to be reversible, while its magnitude could be increased by poling with an electric field. The polarization was found to disappear in the superconducting state. The lattice distortions responsible were considered to be a result of oxygen ion displacements induced by doped charges that break inversion symmetry. The effect was utilized for fabrication of pyroelectric detectors for space applications, having the advantage of large pyroelectric coefficient and low intrinsic resistance. Another substance family that can produce a polar metal is the nickelate perovskites. One example interpreted to show polar metallic behavior is lanthanum nickelate, LaNiO3. A thin film of LaNiO3 grown on the (111) crystal face of lanthanum aluminate, (LaAlO3) was interpreted to be both conductor and a polar material at room temperature. The resistivity of this system, however, shows an upturn with decreasing temperature, hence does not strictly adhere to the definition of a metal. Also, when grown 3 or 4 unit cells thick (1-2 nm) on the (100) crystal face of LaAlO3, the LaNiO3 can be a polar insulator or polar metal depending on the atomic termination of the surface. Lithium osmate, LiOsO3 also undergoes a ferrorelectric transition when it is cooled below 140K. The point group changes from R3c to R3c losing its centrosymmetry. At room temperature and below, lithium osmate is an electric conductor, in single crystal, polycrystalline or powder forms, and the ferroelectric form only appears below 140K. Above 140K the material behaves like a normal metal. Artificial two-dimensional polar metal by charge transfer to a ferroelectric insulator has been realized in LaAlO3/Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/SrTiO3 complex oxide heterostructures.
Harold Yoonsung Hwang is an American physicist, specializing in materials physics, condensed matter physics, nanoscience, and quantum engineering.
Elbio Rubén Dagotto is an Argentinian-American theoretical physicist and academic. He is a distinguished professor in the department of physics and astronomy at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Distinguished Scientist in the Materials Science and Technology Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.