Jerome Armstrong | |
---|---|
Born | 1964 (age 59–60) |
Nationality | American |
Other names | The Blogfather |
Education | |
Occupation | Political strategist |
Known for | |
Notable work | Crashing the Gate |
Jerome Armstrong (born 1964) is an American political strategist. In 2001, he founded MyDD, a blog which covered politics, making him one of the first political bloggers. Armstrong coined the term netroots , and was referred to as "The Blogfather" for having mentored many other famous bloggers such as Markos Moulitsas in their early years. [1] [2] [3] He is credited as one of the architects of Howard Dean's 2004 grassroots presidential campaign, and bringing those tactics to campaigns globally. [4] [5] In 2005, Armstrong co-founded Vox Media with Markos Moulitsas and Tyler Bleszinski. [6]
Armstrong was an environmental activist in the late 1980s, working with Greenpeace and Earth First! to curtail the logging of old growth forests in Oregon and end nuclear weapons testing in Nevada. [7] During the 1990s, he served with the US Peace Corps in Costa Rica and worked with UNICEF in Sierra Leone, spent a year and a half at a Buddhist monastery, served in Americorps under the "I Have A Dream" program, and did community organizing in Portland, Oregon. [2] [7] [8] Armstrong has graduate degrees in Conflict Resolution and Applied Linguistics. [7] [9]
In 2001, he founded MyDD, a blog which covered American politics, in which Armstrong's work was described by Salon as being "fiercely partisan but not radically left-wing." [2] [10] In 2004, Armstrong and Markos Moulitsas founded BlogPAC, a political action committee focused on progressive bloggers and politics online. [11]
In late 2005, Campaigns and Elections credited MyDD with being "the first major liberal blog". [12] In January 2006, the name was changed to "My Direct Democracy" as part of a site redesign, with a new tagline, "Direct Democracy for People-Powered Politics".
MyDD has been largely dormant since 2010. Armstrong explained that he "had to get out to save from becoming hardened, cynical, and without peace", citing the negativity in American politics. [13]
In January 2003, Markos Moulitsas joined Armstrong in a political consulting partnership called Armstrong Zuniga, before being formally dissolved in December 2004. Howard Dean hired them for a time as technical consultants in 2003. Armstrong introduced the campaign to Meetup.com and directing on online advertising and blogger outreach. [14] He worked with US Senate candidate Sherrod Brown's 2006 Senate campaign in Ohio. [15] He also signed on with Mark Warner's Forward Together PAC to develop their internet strategy, before Warner decided to not run for president in 2008. [16]
In 2007, Armstrong was awarded the Paul and Sheila Wellstone Award for Political Organizing by 21st Century Democrats, [17] "for his visionary leadership in working to create the online netroots community". In 2008, London mayoral candidate Brian Paddick, a UK Liberal Democrat, brought aboard Armstrong [5] "to help boost his campaign's online presence". By 2012, Armstrong had worked with over 40 campaigns through the political consultancy WebStrong Group for the US Democratic Party and campaigns abroad. [18]
For the 2012 US presidential election, Armstrong went to work with the Libertarian Party presidential candidate Gary Johnson, and as a senior advisor with the Campaign for Primary Accountability, a Super PAC which supports challengers against US Congressional incumbents in the Republican and Democratic parties. [19] [20]
In 2006, Armstrong and Markos Moulitsas of Daily Kos co-authored the book Crashing the Gate: Grassroots, Netroots, and the Rise of People Powered Politics . The book takes a critical look at the state of the US Democratic Party, detailing the rise of a new movement that is reforming and taking over the party. An Australian edition was released in July 2006. [21]
Armstrong, along with Markos Moulitsas and Tyler Bleszinski, founded the Washington, DC–based Vox Media, a network of blogs and online verticals, with funding led by Accel Partners. [6] [22]
Hossein Derakhshan, also known as Hoder, is an Iranian-Canadian blogger, journalist, and researcher who was imprisoned in Tehran from November 2008 to November 2014. He is credited with starting the blogging revolution in Iran and is called the father of Persian blogging by many journalists. He also helped to promote podcasting in Iran. Derakhshan was arrested on November 1, 2008 and sentenced to 19½ years in prison on September 28, 2010. His sentence was reduced to 17 years in October 2013. He was pardoned by Iran's supreme leader and on November 19, 2014, was released from Evin prison.
Democracy for America(DFA) was a progressive political action committee headquartered in Burlington, Vermont. Founded by former Democratic National Committee Chair Howard Dean in 2004, DFA led public awareness campaigns on a variety of public policy issues, trains activists, and provided funding directly to candidates for office, until it ended operations in 2022. At its peak, the organization had dozens of local chapters and more than a million members in the United States and internationally.
Daily Kos is a group blog and internet forum focused on the U.S. Democratic Party and progressive liberal American politics. The site publishes blog posts, polls, election and campaign fundraising data, and is considered an example of "netroots" activism.
Markos Moulitsas Zúniga, often known by his username and former military nickname "Kos", is an American blogger who is the founder and publisher of Daily Kos, a blog focusing on liberal and Democratic Party politics in the United States. He co-founded SB Nation, a collection of sports blogs, which is now a part of Vox Media.
MyDD was the first large collaborative politically progressive American politics blog. It was established by Jerome Armstrong in 2001. Its name was originally short for "My Due Diligence." In 2005, MyDD was profiled in Campaigns and Elections magazine, crediting the site with being "the first major liberal blog." In January 2006, the name was changed to "My Direct Democracy" as part of a site redesign, with the new tagline "Direct Democracy for People-Powered Politics."
Netroots is a term coined in 2002 by Jerome Armstrong to describe political activism organized through blogs and other online media, including wikis and social network services. The word is a portmanteau of Internet and grassroots, reflecting the technological innovations that set netroots techniques apart from other forms of political participation. In the United States, the term is used mainly in left-leaning circles.
Chris Bowers is a blogger for DailyKos and a manager of their email list. He was a blogger and co-founder of OpenLeft, and was until July 2007 a front-page blogger for MyDD. His focus is on polling and data-driven analysis of US politics, as well as of the blogosphere.
Jonathan Hershel Singer is a progressive blogger. For five years, he was a writer for the progressive blog MyDD, which was credited by Campaigns and Elections magazine as being "the first major liberal blog".
Crashing the Gate: Netroots, Grassroots, and the Rise of People Powered Politics is a book (ISBN 1-931498-99-7) authored by American political bloggers Markos Moulitsas of Daily Kos and Jerome Armstrong of MyDD, published in 2006 by Chelsea Green.
Netroots Nation is a political convention for American progressive political activists. Originally organized by readers and writers of Daily Kos, a liberal political blog, it was previously called YearlyKos and rebranded as Netroots Nation in 2007. The new name was chosen to reflect the participation of a broader audience of grassroots activists, campaign workers and volunteers, thought leaders, messaging technology innovators as well as local, state, and national elected officials. The convention offers three days of programming: panel discussions on emerging issues in politics and society; training sessions to support more effective activism; keynote addresses from speakers of national stature; an exhibit hall; networking and social events. The event draws roughly 3000 attendees.
The Draft Mark Warner for President committee was an effort to promote the candidacy of former Governor of Virginia Mark Warner. It was founded the day after the 2004 presidential election by Democratic Party activist Eddie Ratliff of Virginia. On October 23, 2007, the Draft Warner for President Committee received a letter from the Federal Elections Commission (FEC) in response to the committee's declaration of intent to cease operations, dated October 2, 2007, and was allowed to terminate its affairs and cease filing with the FEC. Warner had announced his intent to become a Senate candidate prior to the committee's letter to the FEC.
Firedoglake was an American collaborative blog that described itself as a "leading progressive news site, online community, and action organization". Established by film producer Jane Hamsher in 2004, Firedoglake served as a platform for Hamsher, other writers and commenters to engage in debate and activism. Hamsher shut down Firedoglake on August 1, 2015, citing health reasons, and announced that all posts would be archived at the Shadowproof website, which was launched that year by former staff members. Shadowproof describes itself as "a press organization driven to expose systemic abuses of power in business and government while developing a model for independent journalism that supports a diverse range of young freelance writers and contributors."
Steven A. Elmendorf is a lobbyist in Washington, D.C., who was a senior advisor to House Democratic Leader Dick Gephardt for 12 years, serving as his chief of staff after 1997. Elmendorf was also deputy campaign manager for U.S. Senator John Kerry, the 2004 Democratic nominee for president.
The Northwest Progressive Institute (NPI) is a left wing think tank based in Redmond, Washington, founded in 2003 and incorporated in 2005. It uses technology, public policy research, and political advocacy to advance progressive causes in the Pacific Northwest region as well as across the United States. It describes itself as "a netroots powered strategy center working to raise America's quality of life through innovative research and imaginative advocacy."
While the term "blog" was not coined until the late 1990s, the history of blogging starts with several digital precursors to it. Before "blogging" became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, BiX and the early CompuServe, e-mail lists and Bulletin Board Systems (BBS). In the 1990s, Internet forum software, such as WebEx, created running conversations with "threads". Threads are topical connections between messages on a metaphorical "corkboard". Some have likened blogging to the Mass-Observation project of the mid-20th century.
"People United Means Action" was a political action committee in the United States that opposed the Democratic Party leadership and the nomination of Senator Barack Obama as the Democratic candidate for President in the 2008 presidential election. PUMA began as an effort by supporters of Obama's primary rival, Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who believed that Clinton should have been the Democratic nominee. According to PUMA, "We [were] protesting the 2008 Presidential election because we refuse to support a nominee who was selected by the leadership rather than elected by the voters."
Raising Kaine (RK) was a leading liberal political blog in Virginia. It functioned as a group blog and community forum for Virginia netroots activists, primarily directed toward helping to elect Democrats and other liberals and progressives in Virginia and nationally. The blog is now defunct.
Research 2000 was a U.S. opinion polling and marketing research company based in Olney, Maryland. It began doing research on upcoming elections in 1999 after its President, Del Ali, moved on from Mason-Dixon Political Media Research. Research 2000 clients included KCCI-TV in Des Moines, Iowa;, WCAX-TV in Burlington, Vermont; WISC-TV in Madison, Wisconsin; WKYT-TV in Lexington, Kentucky; Lee Enterprises, the Concord Monitor, The Florida Times-Union, WSBT-TV/WISH-TV/WANE-TV in Indiana, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the Bergen Record, the Reno Gazette-Journal, and the political blog Daily Kos.
Taking On the System: Rules for Radical Change in a Digital Era is a book (ISBN 0-451-22519-8) authored by American political blogger Markos Moulitsas of Daily Kos, published in 2008 by Penguin Group.
BlogPAC was a political action committee founded in 2004 by Markos Moulitsas and Jerome Armstrong focused on progressive bloggers and politics online. In 2006, Chris Bowers and Matt Stoller took over BlogPAC from Moulitsas and Armstrong. Instead of channeling money to electoral campaigns, the mission was refocused "to defend the netroots and improve the quality of online activism". In 2007 BlogPAC organized progressive bloggers in several states, and offered microgrants to progressive bloggers through the 50 State Blog Project run by Laura Packard. Later that year, BlogPAC ran a contest to fund progressive entrepreneurs for infrastructure building. In 2009, BlogPAC funded the website software platform SoapBlox. BlogPAC was active until 2012.
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