John Crump

Last updated
John A. Crump
John A Crump.jpg
Crump in 2019
Alma mater University of Otago London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Awards James H. Steele Veterinary Public Health Award (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005)

Bailey K. Ashford Medal (American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012)

Contents

Chalmers Medal (Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2022)
Scientific career
FieldsInfectious diseases

Medical microbiology
Epidemiology
Tropical medicine

Zoonoses
Institutions University of Otago

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Duke University
Thesis HIV prevention, treatment, and care in sub-Saharan Africa (Doctor of Medicine, 2012)
Website https://www.otago.ac.nz/profiles/professor-john-crump

John Andrew Crump is a New Zealand-born infectious diseases physician, medical microbiologist, and epidemiologist. He is Professor of Medicine, Pathology, and Global Health at the University of Otago [1] and an adjunct professor of medicine, Pathology, and Global Health at Duke University. [2] He serves as Director of the Otago Global Health Institute, [3] one of the university's research centres. [4] His primary research interest is fever in the tropics, focusing on invasive bacterial diseases and bacterial and viral zoonoses. [1]

Early life and education

Crump was born in Oamaru and raised on a farm at Okaramio, attending Havelock School [5] and Marlborough Boys’ College. [6] He graduated MB ChB in 1993 and completed his MD doctoral thesis in 2013 on clinical and laboratory aspects of HIV in Tanzania from the University of Otago Medical School. [7] [8] He was awarded DTM&H in 1995 by the Royal College of Physicians after studying tropical medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Crump trained as both an internist in infectious diseases and as a pathologist in medical microbiology in New Zealand, England, [9] Australia, and the US, being made MRCP(UK) in 1997, FRACP in 1999, FRCPA in 2004, and FRCP in 2009. He served as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). [1]

Career and research

Crump studies the diagnosis, management, and prevention of infectious causes of fever in the tropics other than malaria, a complex clinical problem that affects many millions annually particularly in low- and middle-income countries. [10] He has advocated for a comprehensive approach to investigating febrile illness as a necessary progression from the traditional disease-specific approach in tropical medicine. [11] He has contributed to describing the problem of malaria over-diagnosis, [12] and also to appreciation of range of neglected causes of fever including invasive bacterial diseases; [13] [14] bacterial zoonoses such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever, and rickettsioses; [15] [16] [17] [18] and viral diseases such as Rift Valley Fever. [19] [20] [21] Much of his research is trans-disciplinary involving close collaboration between human health experts, veterinarians, ecologists, and social scientists, and following the so-called 'One Health' approach. [22] [23]

Crump has led work characterizing the burden of typhoid fever, [24] [25] paratyphoid fever, [24] [25] and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease [26] [27] that has contributed to diagnosis, management, and prevention efforts for these diseases, including vaccine deployment [28] and vaccine development. [29] He has served in a range of advisory roles to the World Health Organization, including on the burden of invasive salmonelloses to the Foodborne Diseases Epidemiology Reference Group, [30] the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization Working Group on Typhoid Vaccines, [31] and the WHO Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Technical Advisory Group on Salmonella vaccines. [32]

Crump has a research interest in ethics in global health training, spurred by concern for the unintended consequences of expansion of short-term global health training opportunities in low-resource areas. [33] With Dr. Jeremy Sugarman, Crump co-chaired the Wellcome Trust-funded Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training (WEIGHT) that developed initial guidelines for responsible global health training programs. [34] Crump has also highlighted the value of cosmopolitan principles and the challenges posed by health nationalism in global health responses. [35]

Awards and honors

Crump was awarded the 2005 US CDC James H. Steele Veterinary Public Health Award [36] for outstanding contributions in the investigation, control, or prevention of zoonotic diseases or other animal-related human health problems. In 2012, Crump received the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Bailey K. Ashford Medal [37] for distinguished work in tropical medicine. In 2022, Crump was awarded the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Chalmers Medal for research of outstanding merit in tropical medicine and mentoring of junior investigators. [38] Crump was awarded the 2021 University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine Dean's Medal for Research Excellence [39] and the 2024 University of Otago Distinguished Research Medal. [40]

Publications

As of December 2024, Crump had published >320 scientific manuscripts, cited >60,000 times. [41] He is a 2020 cross-field Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher, defined as having multiple papers ranked in the top 1% by citations for field and year.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoid fever</span> Disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi

Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. In severe cases, people may experience confusion. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. Other people may carry it without being affected, but are still contagious. Typhoid fever is a type of enteric fever, along with paratyphoid fever. Salmonella enterica Typhi is believed to infect and replicate only within humans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fecal–oral route</span> Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles

The fecal–oral route describes a particular route of transmission of a disease wherein pathogens in fecal particles pass from one person to the mouth of another person. Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation, and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands properly after changing a baby's diaper or after performing anal hygiene can prevent foodborne illness from spreading.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asymptomatic carrier</span> Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms

An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gastroenteritis</span> Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to influenza, in the U.S. and U.K., it is sometimes called the "stomach flu".

Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. The diseases are less prevalent in temperate climates, due in part to the occurrence of a cold season, which controls the insect population by forcing hibernation. However, many were present in northern Europe and northern America in the 17th and 18th centuries before modern understanding of disease causation. The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonial settlers, notably in India under the British Raj. Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or vector. These insects may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals. Most often disease is transmitted by an insect bite, which causes transmission of the infectious agent through subcutaneous blood exchange. Vaccines are not available for most of the diseases listed here, and many do not have cures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salmonellosis</span> Infection caused by Salmonella bacteria

Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. It is the most common disease to be known as food poisoning, these are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. In humans, the most common symptoms are diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Symptoms typically occur between 12 hours and 36 hours after exposure, and last from two to seven days. Occasionally more significant disease can result in dehydration. The old, young, and others with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop severe disease. Specific types of Salmonella can result in typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are specific types of salmonellosis, known collectively as enteric fever, and are, respectively, caused by salmonella typhi and paratyphi bacteria, which are only found in humans. Most commonly, salmonellosis cases arise from salmonella bacteria from animals, and chicken is a major source for these infections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paratyphoid fever</span> Bacterial infection caused by one of the three types of Salmonella enterica

Paratyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of three types of Salmonella enterica. Symptoms usually begin 6–30 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever. Often, a gradual onset of a high fever occurs over several days. Weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches also commonly occur. Some people develop a skin rash with rose-colored spots. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subclinical infection</span> Nearly or completely asymptomatic infection

A subclinical infection—sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection—is an infection by a pathogen that causes few or no signs or symptoms of infection in the host. Subclinical infections can occur in both humans and animals. Depending on the pathogen, which can be a virus or intestinal parasite, the host may be infectious and able to transmit the pathogen without ever developing symptoms; such a host is called an asymptomatic carrier. Many pathogens, including HIV, typhoid fever, and coronaviruses such as COVID-19 spread in their host populations through subclinical infection.

An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable. Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pathogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ty21a</span> Typhoid vaccine

Ty21a is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine that protects against typhoid. First licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1989, it is an orally administered, live-attenuated Ty2 strain of S. Typhi in which multiple genes, including the genes responsible for the production of Vi, have been deleted so as to render it harmless but nevertheless immunogenic. It is one of the three typhoid vaccines currently recommended by the World Health Organization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhus</span> Group of infectious diseases

Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John S. Marr</span>

John S. Marr is an American physician, epidemiologist, and author. His professional life has concerned outbreaks of infectious disease and thus his subsequent writing career has focused on that topic, particularly historical epidemics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward Thomas Ryan</span> American microbiologist

Edward Thomas Ryan is an American microbiologist, immunologist, and physician at Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital. Ryan served as president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from 2009 to 2010. Ryan is Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and Director of Global Infectious Diseases at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ryan's research and clinical focus has been on infectious diseases associated with residing in, immigrating from, or traveling through resource-limited areas. Ryan is a Fellow of the American Society of Microbiology, the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, the American College of Physicians, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John P. Woodall</span> American entomologist

John Payne Woodall (1935–2016), known as Jack Woodall, was an American-British entomologist and virologist who made significant contributions to the study of arboviruses in South America, the Caribbean and Africa. He did research on the causative agents of dengue fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, o'nyong'nyong fever, yellow fever, Zika fever, and others.

Sheila Dorothy King, CD was a Barbadian-born, Jamaican academic and physician. She was the second woman to be appointed as full professor at the University of the West Indies (UWI). She was the first woman appointed as a professor in the Faculty of Medicine in 1983, ten years after she was appointed as head of UWI's Microbiology Department. A specialist in infectious disease and viral epidemiology, she advised numerous national, regional and international departments and governmental agencies on such diseases as dengue, influenza, and typhoid. In 1998, she was honored as a Commander of the Order of Distinction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of typhoid fever</span>

In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. Infants, children, and adolescents in south-central and Southeast Asia experience the greatest burden of illness. Outbreaks of typhoid fever are also frequently reported from sub-Saharan Africa and countries in Southeast Asia. In the United States, about 400 cases occur each year, and 75% of these are acquired while traveling internationally.

Melita Alison Gordon is a gastroenterologist who works on invasive gut pathogens and tropical gastrointestinal disease. She leads the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Salmonella and Enterics Group. Gordon was awarded the British Society of Gastroenterology Sir Francis Avery Jones Research Medal in 2011.

Leopold Kirschner was an Austro-Hungarian, Dutch, and New Zealand bacteriologist specializing in leptospirosis. He is known for his work on the survival of Leptospira spp in the environment, research on conditions and media for Leptospira growth, his role in the initial discoveries of leptospirosis in New Zealand, for early epidemiologic descriptions of leptospirosis as an occupational disease of dairy farmers, and for the major pathogenic Leptospira species, Leptospira kirschneri, that was named in his honor.

David R. Murdoch is a New Zealand academic specialising in paediatric infectious diseases, especially pneumonia. He has also worked on Legionnaires' disease and has advised the Oxford University vaccine group and the New Zealand government on COVID-19. Murdoch served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Otago between February 2022 and June 2023.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Campus, Otago Medical School-Dunedin. "DSM staff profile". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  2. ↑ "John Andrew Crump | Scholars@Duke". scholars.duke.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  3. ↑ Institute, Otago Global Health. "Otago Global Health Institute". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  4. ↑ Otago, University of. "Research Centres & Groups". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  5. ↑ "Famous Students". www.havelock.school.nz. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  6. ↑ "Going global: Professor John Crump joins Otago's Centre for International Health" (PDF). University of Otago Magazine. June 2012.
  7. ↑ Crump, John (2012). HIV prevention, treatment, and care in Sub-Saharan Africa (Doctoral thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago. hdl:10523/4407.
  8. ↑ Otago, University of. "Doctor of Medicine (MD)". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  9. ↑ "Professional Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Hygiene". LSHTM. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
  10. ↑ "John A. Crump - Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  11. ↑ Crump, John A. (2014). "Time for a comprehensive approach to the syndrome of fever in the tropics". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 108 (2): 61–62. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trt120. ISSN   1878-3503. PMC   3916746 . PMID   24463580.
  12. ↑ Prasad, Namrata; Sharples, Katrina J.; Murdoch, David R.; Crump, John A. (2015). "Community prevalence of fever and relationship with malaria among infants and children in low-resource areas". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 93 (1): 178–180. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0646. ISSN   1476-1645. PMC   4497891 . PMID   25918207.
  13. ↑ Reddy, Elizabeth A.; Shaw, Andrea V.; Crump, John A. (2010). "Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 10 (6): 417–432. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70072-4. ISSN   1474-4457. PMC   3168734 . PMID   20510282.
  14. ↑ Marchello, Christian S.; Dale, Ariella P.; Pisharody, Sruti; Rubach, Matthew P.; Crump, John A. (2019). "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 64 (1). doi:10.1128/AAC.01974-19. ISSN   1098-6596. PMC   7187598 . PMID   31636071.
  15. ↑ Crump, John A.; Morrissey, Anne B.; Nicholson, William L.; Massung, Robert F.; Stoddard, Robyn A.; Galloway, Renee L.; Ooi, Eng Eong; Maro, Venance P.; Saganda, Wilbrod; Kinabo, Grace D.; Muiruri, Charles (2013). "Etiology of severe non-malaria febrile illness in Northern Tanzania: a prospective cohort study". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (7): e2324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002324 . ISSN   1935-2735. PMC   3715424 . PMID   23875053.
  16. ↑ Halliday, Jo E. B.; Carugati, Manuela; Snavely, Michael E.; Allan, Kathryn J.; Beamesderfer, Julia; Ladbury, Georgia A. F.; Hoyle, Deborah V.; Holland, Paul; Crump, John A.; Cleaveland, Sarah; Rubach, Matthew P. (2020). "Zoonotic causes of febrile illness in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 20 (2): e27–e37. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30629-2. ISSN   1474-4457. PMC   7212085 . PMID   32006517.
  17. ↑ Gibb, John (2015-04-26). "Animals integral to fever solution". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  18. ↑ Rolfe, Robert J.; Sheldon, Sarah W.; Kingry, Luke C.; Petersen, Jeannine M.; Maro, Venance P.; Kinabo, Grace D.; Saganda, Wilbrod; Maze, Michael J.; Halliday, Jo E. B.; Nicholson, William L.; Galloway, Renee L.; Rubach, Matthew P.; Crump, John A. (August 2024). "Metagenomic Detection of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens among Febrile Patients, Tanzania, 2007-20091". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 30 (8): 1599–1608. doi:10.3201/eid3008.240529. ISSN   1080-6059. PMC   11286057 . PMID   39043406.
  19. ↑ de Glanville, William A.; Allan, Kathryn J.; Nyarobi, James M.; Thomas, Kate M.; Lankester, Felix; Kibona, Tito J.; Claxton, John R.; Brennan, Benjamin; Carter, Ryan W.; Crump, John A.; Halliday, Jo E. B.; Ladbury, Georgia; Mmbaga, Blandina T.; Mramba, Furaha; Nyasebwa, Obed M. (2022-11-01). "An outbreak of Rift Valley fever among peri-urban dairy cattle in northern Tanzania". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 116 (11): 1082–1090. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac076. ISSN   1878-3503. PMC   9623736 . PMID   36040309.
  20. ↑ de Glanville, William A.; Nyarobi, James M.; Kibona, Tito; Halliday, Jo E. B.; Thomas, Kate M.; Allan, Kathryn J.; Johnson, Paul C. D.; Davis, Alicia; Lankester, Felix; Claxton, John R.; Rostal, Melinda K.; Carter, Ryan W.; de Jong, Rosanne M. F.; Rubach, Matthew P.; Crump, John A. (October 2022). "Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus infection incidence and risks for zoonotic spillover in northern Tanzania". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 16 (10): e0010871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010871 . ISSN   1935-2735. PMC   9665400 . PMID   36306281.
  21. ↑ Madut, Deng B.; Rubach, Matthew P.; Allan, Kathryn J.; Thomas, Kate M.; de Glanville, William A.; Halliday, Jo E. B.; Costales, Cristina; Carugati, Manuela; Rolfe, Robert J.; Bonnewell, John P.; Maze, Michael J.; Mremi, Alex R.; Amsi, Patrick T.; Kalengo, Nathaniel H.; Lyamuya, Furaha (2024-11-13). "Epidemiologic and genomic characterization of an outbreak of Rift Valley fever among humans and dairy cattle in northern Tanzania". The Journal of Infectious Diseases: jiae562. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae562. ISSN   1537-6613. PMID   39535803.
  22. ↑ Halliday, Jo E. B.; Allan, Kathryn J.; Ekwem, Divine; Cleaveland, Sarah; Kazwala, Rudovick R.; Crump, John A. (2015-02-28). "Endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in plain sight". The Veterinary Record. 176 (9): 220–225. doi:10.1136/vr.h798. ISSN   2042-7670. PMC   4350138 . PMID   25722334.
  23. ↑ Cleaveland, S.; Sharp, J.; Abela-Ridder, B.; Allan, K. J.; Buza, J.; Crump, J. A.; Davis, A.; Del Rio Vilas, V. J.; de Glanville, W. A.; Kazwala, R. R.; Kibona, T. (2017-07-19). "One Health contributions towards more effective and equitable approaches to health in low- and middle-income countries". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1725). doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0168. ISSN   1471-2970. PMC   5468693 . PMID   28584176.
  24. 1 2 Crump, John A.; Luby, Stephen P.; Mintz, Eric D. (2004). "The global burden of typhoid fever". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 82 (5): 346–353. ISSN   0042-9686. PMC   2622843 . PMID   15298225.
  25. 1 2 GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators including Crump JA (2019). "The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 19 (4): 369–381. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. ISSN   1474-4457. PMC   6437314 . PMID   30792131.{{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ Ao, Trong T.; Feasey, Nicholas A.; Gordon, Melita A.; Keddy, Karen H.; Angulo, Frederick J.; Crump, John A. (2015). "Global burden of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, 2010(1)". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 21 (6): 941–949. doi:10.3201/eid2106.140999. ISSN   1080-6059. PMC   4451910 . PMID   25860298.
  27. ↑ GBD 2017 Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Invasive Disease Collaborators including Crump JA (2019). "The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 19 (12): 1312–1324. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30418-9. ISSN   1474-4457. PMC   6892270 . PMID   31562022.{{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). "Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 - Recommendations". Vaccine. 37 (2): 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.022. ISSN   1873-2518. PMID   29661581. S2CID   4902671.
  29. ↑ "Advancing a GMMA-based vaccine against invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis through Phase 1 trial in Europe and sub-Saharan Africa". European Commission CORDIS EU research results. Retrieved 7 Aug 2020.
  30. ↑ Kirk, Martyn D.; Pires, Sara M.; Black, Robert E.; Caipo, Marisa; Crump, John A.; Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Döpfer, Dörte; Fazil, Aamir; Fischer-Walker, Christa L.; Hald, Tine; Hall, Aron J. (2015). "World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 22 Foodborne Bacterial, Protozoal, and Viral Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis". PLOS Medicine. 12 (12): e1001921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001921 . ISSN   1549-1676. PMC   4668831 . PMID   26633831.
  31. ↑ "WHO | SAGE Working Group on Typhoid Vaccines (March 2016 to March 2018)". WHO. Archived from the original on July 26, 2016. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  32. ↑ "Open Calls archive". www.who.int. Retrieved 2024-11-11.
  33. ↑ Crump, John A.; Sugarman, Jeremy (2008-09-24). "Ethical considerations for short-term experiences by trainees in global health". JAMA. 300 (12): 1456–1458. doi:10.1001/jama.300.12.1456. ISSN   1538-3598. PMC   3164760 . PMID   18812538.
  34. ↑ Crump, John A.; Sugarman, Jeremy; Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training (WEIGHT) (2010). "Ethics and best practice guidelines for training experiences in global health". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (6): 1178–1182. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0527. ISSN   1476-1645. PMC   2990028 . PMID   21118918.
  35. ↑ Crump, John A.; Vakaoti, Patrick; Moore-Jones, Michael; Tan, Lena; Ergler, Christina R.; Fenton, Elizabeth; Anderson, Emma M. R.; Bremer, Philip J.; Sharples, Katrina J.; Walls, Tony; Quiñones-Mateu, Miguel E.; Kolandai, Komathi; Hadingham, Jacqui; Hill, Philip C.; Knowles, Stephen (2023). "Health nationalism in Aotearoa New Zealand during COVID-19: problems for global health equity". Nature Medicine. 29 (8): 1887–1889. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02436-y. ISSN   1078-8956. PMID   37464060.
  36. ↑ "James H. Steele Veterinary Public Health Award | Attending EIS Conference | Epidemic Intelligence Service | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-06-08. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  37. ↑ "ASTMH - Bailey K. Ashford Medal". www.astmh.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  38. ↑ "RSTMH Medals and Awards winners 2022 | RSTMH". rstmh.org. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  39. ↑ "Otago Medical School: Excellence in teaching, research and service". University of Otago. 5 Nov 2021. Retrieved 5 Nov 2021.
  40. ↑ Otago, University of (2024-09-19). "Otago honours exceptional researchers". www.otago.ac.nz. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
  41. ↑ "John A. Crump". Publons. Retrieved 18 Oct 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.