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John David McCarthy (born 1940) is an American sociologist. He earned his Ph.D degree in Sociology at University of Oregon in 1968. He is currently a Professor of Sociology at Pennsylvania State University.
He has contributed to the research of social movement and resource mobilization theory. His research and teaching interests include Collective Behavior and Social Movements; Policing of the Public Order; Formal Organizations; and Mass Media Processes.
In recent years he has been a Principal Investigator of projects on Local Poor Empowerment Community Organizations (with Ed Walker); Media Coverage of Washington, D. C. Protest Gatherings; the Evolution of Public Protest in the U.S., 1960-1995 (with Sarah Soule, Susan Olzak and Doug McAdam); the Evolution of Social Movement Organizations in the U.S., 1959-2002 (with Frank Baumgartner); and Public Order Disturbances on College a University Campuses during the past decade (with Pat Rafail, Ed Walker, Andrew Martin and Clark McPhail). He is co-directing (with Chris Scheitle) a National Science Foundation funded project on “Spiritual Entrepreneurialism.”
McCarthy has taught many Ph.D. candidates in Sociology specializing in Social Movements and Organizations. Among these are John Crist (Associate Director of Research at the Center for International and Regional Studies at Georgetown University in Qatar), Bob Edwards (Professor of Sociology at East Carolina University), Erik Johnson (Assistant Professor of Sociology at Washington State University), Andrew Martin (Associate Professor of Sociology at Ohio State University), Ron Pagnucco (Associate Professor of Sociology at CSB/SJU), Pat Rafail (Assistant Professor of Sociology at Tulane University), Deb Swanson (Professor of Sociology and Social Work at Hope College), and Ed Walker (Assistant Professor of Sociology at UCLA).
The Center for the Study of Social Movements (CSSM) at the University of Notre Dame established the John D. McCarthy Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Scholarship of Social Movement and Collective Behavior in 2007 to recognize scholars who have made “outstanding contributions to the scholarly literature concerned with social movements, protest, collective violence, riots, and other kinds of collective behavior”. [1] The 2013 award winner was David Snow (at UC-Irvine). Past recipients of the award include Pam Oliver at Wisconsin-Madison (2012), Bill Gamson at Boston College (2011), Doug McAdam at Stanford University (2010), Mayer Zald at Michigan (2009), Verta Taylor at UC-Santa Barbara (2008), and John McCarthy (2007).
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both. Social movements have been described as "organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites". They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations.
Social movement theory is an interdisciplinary study within the social sciences that generally seeks to explain why social mobilization occurs, the forms under which it manifests, as well as potential social, cultural, political, and economic consequences, such as the creation and functioning of social movements.
Resource mobilization is the process of getting resources from the resource provider, using different mechanisms, to implement an organization's predetermined goals. It is a theory that is used in the study of social movements and argues that the success of social movements depends on resources and the ability to use them.
Mayer Nathan Zald was an American sociologist. He was a professor of sociology, social work and business administration at the University of Michigan, noted for contributions to the sociology of organizations and social movements.
Opportunity structures, in sociology and related social science disciplines, are exogenous factors which limit or empower collective actors. In explaining the evolution of social movements, the structuralist approach emphasizes that factors external to the movements themselves, such as the level and type of state repression, or the group's access to political institutions, shape the development of the movement; such factors are called opportunity structures.
Steven Barkan, an American sociologist, is Professor and chairperson of the Sociology department at the University of Maine.
Kim Voss is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley whose main field of research is social movements and the American labor movement.
William Anthony Gamson was a professor of Sociology at Boston College, where he was also the co-director of the Media Research and Action Project (MRAP). He is the author of numerous books and articles on political discourse, the mass-media and social movements from as early as the 1960s. His influential works include Power and Discontent (1968), The Strategy of Social Protest (1975), Encounters with Unjust Authority (1982) and Talking Politics (2002), as well as numerous editions of SIMSOC.
Doug McAdam is Professor of Sociology at Stanford University. He is the author or co-author of over a dozen books and over fifty articles, and is widely credited as one of the pioneers of the political process model in social movement analysis. He wrote one of the first books on the theory in 1982 when analyzing the U.S. Civil Rights Movement: Political Process and the Development of the Black Insurgency 1930-1970. His other book Freedom Summer won the C. Wright Mills Award in 1990. He served as the director of the prestigious Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences between 2001 and 2005. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003.
A social movement organization (SMO) is an organized component of a social movement.
Political opportunity theory, also known as the political process theory or political opportunity structure, is an approach of social movements that is heavily influenced by political sociology. It argues that success or failure of social movements is affected primarily by political opportunities. Social theorists Peter Eisinger, Sidney Tarrow, David S. Meyer and Doug McAdam are considered among the most prominent supporters of the theory.
James Macdonald Jasper is a writer and sociologist who has taught Ph.D. students at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York since 2007. He is best known for his research and theories about culture and politics, especially the cultural and emotional dimensions of protest movements.
David A. Snow is a Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Irvine.
Social movement impact theory is a subcategory of social movement theory, and focuses on assessing the impacts that social movements have on society, as well as what factors might have led to those effects.
The Charles Tilly Award for Best Book is given by the Collective Behavior and Social Movements section of the American Sociological Association in recognition of a significant contribution to the field. Nominees of the award are regarded as being representative of the "best new books in the field of social movements." The award was established in 1986 and is named after sociologist Charles Tilly.
Collective Behavior and Social Movements (CBSM) is a section of the American Sociological Association (ASA) composed of sociologists who focus on the study of emerging and extra-institutional group phenomena. These include the behaviors associated with crowds, disasters, fads, revolutionary movements, riots, and social movements. The purpose of the section is to foster the study of these topics, which is done so by communicating through its newsletter Critical Mass, organizing research-related participation, and sponsoring workshops.
Verta Ann Taylor is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, with focuses on gender, sexuality, social movements, and women's health.
Hayagreeva "Huggy" Rao is an American academic. He is the Atholl McBean Professor of Organizational Behavior and Human Resources at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Sarah A. Soule is an American sociologist who is the Morgridge Professor of Organizational Behavior and director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. She is known for her work on organizational behavior, social movements, political sociology, and policy change and diffusion.
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