John Gaddum

Last updated • 2 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Sir John Gaddum
FRS FRSE
John Gaddum.png
John Gaddum, c. 1960
Born
John Henry Gaddum

(1900-03-31)31 March 1900
Hale, Cheshire, England
Died30 June 1965(1965-06-30) (aged 65)
Cambridge, England
NationalityBritish
Alma mater Rugby School
Trinity College, Cambridge
Known forfirst scientist to postulate that 5-HT might have a role in mood regulation
Awards Fellow of the Royal Society [1]
Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina [2]
Scientific career
Fields Pharmacology
Institutions Cairo University
University College London
University of Edinburgh
Porton Down

Sir John Henry Gaddum FRS FRSE (31 March 1900 – 30 June 1965) was an English pharmacologist who, along with Ulf von Euler, co-discovered the neuropeptide Substance P in 1931. [1] He was a founder member of the British Pharmacological Society and first editor of the British Journal of Pharmacology . [3]

Contents

Early life and education

He was born in Hale (now part of Manchester) the son of silk merchant, Henry Edwin Gaddum and his wife Phyllis Mary Barratt. [4] He was educated at Moorland House School, Heswall, Cheshire; Rugby School; and Trinity College, Cambridge. [4]

He completed his BSc in Physiology at the University of Cambridge in 1922, and his MD at University College London in 1925. [4] His first role was to assist J. W. Trevan at the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories. [5]

Career

From 1927–33, Gaddum worked under Henry Dale at the National Institute for Medical Research, and helped develop the classical laws of drug antagonism. He showed that sympathetic nerves release adrenaline. Together with Ulf von Euler, he established the release of acetylcholine in autonomic ganglia. [4]

From 1933 to 1935, Gaddum was professor of pharmacology at the University of Cairo. Subsequent to this he took up a chair at University College London, from 1935 to 1938 and University of London from 1938 to 1942. [4] During the Second World War he advised the War Office on potential use of toxins and biological weapons. He was given the rank of Lt Colonel. [3]

Gaddum was professor of pharmacology at the University of Edinburgh from 1942 to 1958. [4]

In 1943 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Pickering Kendall, James Couper Brash, Thomas J. Mackie and James Ritchie. He served as the Society's Vice-President 1951–54. In 1945 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. [6]

He was director of the Institute of Animal Physiology (later Babraham Institute) from 1958 to 1965. [4]

In the New Year Honours 1964 Gaddum was made appointed a Knight Bachelor. [7] and invested by The Duke of Edinburgh. [4] [8]

In experiments with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Gaddum explained how it causes mental disturbances by blocking the stimulating effects of serotonin. [4] He was the first scientist to postulate that 5-HT might have a role in mood regulation. [9]

In 1962 he was elected a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. [2] Edinburgh University awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD) in 1964.

He died in Cambridge on 30 June 1965. [6] There is a plaque commemorating Gaddum on the wall behind Babraham church which backs onto the Babraham Institute site.

Publications

Military service

Gaddum served in the British Army from 1940 to 42, rising to lieutenant colonel. [4]

Personal life

In 1929, Gaddum married Iris Mary Harmer [4] in Royston, Hertfordshire. They had three daughters: Susan M. Gaddum (born 1930), Ann R. Gaddum (born 1932), and Phyllis L. Gaddum (born 1937). [10]

Related Research Articles

Sir Robert Brian Heap is a British biological scientist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</span> English physiologist (1850–1935)

Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer was a British physiologist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julius Axelrod</span> American biochemist (1912–2004)

Julius Axelrod was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler. The Nobel Committee honored him for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ulf von Euler</span> Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist (1905–1983)

Ulf Svante von Euler was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Babraham Institute</span> Life sciences research institution

The Babraham Institute is a life sciences research institution focussing on healthy ageing. The Babraham Institute is based on the Babraham Research Campus, partly occupying a former manor house, but also laboratory and science facility buildings on the campus, surrounded by an extensive parkland estate, just south of Cambridge, England. It is an independent and charitable organization which is involved in biomedical research, including healthy aging and molecular biology. The director is Dr Simon Cook who also leads the Institute's signalling research programme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salvador Moncada</span> Honduran pharmacologist and professor

Sir Salvador Enrique Moncada Seidner, FRS, FRCP, FMedSci is a Honduran-British pharmacologist and professor. He is currently Research Domain Director for Cancer at the University of Manchester.

Sir Michael John Berridge (22 October 1938 - 13 February 2020) was a British physiologist and biochemist. He was known for his work on cell signaling, in particular the discovery that inositol trisphosphate acts as a second messenger, linking events at the plasma membrane with the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) within the cell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Robertson Cushny</span> Scottish pharmacologist and physiologist (1866–1926)

Arthur Robertson Cushny FRS FRSE LLD, was a Scottish pharmacologist and physiologist who became a Fellow of the Royal Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marthe Vogt</span> German neuroscientist

Marthe Louise Vogt was a German scientist recognized as one of the leading neuroscientists of the twentieth century. She is mainly remembered for her important contributions to the understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the brain, especially epinephrine.

John Michael 'Rab' Rabinovich FRSE FRCS FRCSE LLD was a geneticist who co-founded the science of mutagenesis by mutations in fruit flies exposed to mustard gas. He was Professor at Guy's Hospital Medical School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Richard Fraser</span> British physician and pharmacologist

Sir Thomas Richard Fraser was a British physician and pharmacologist. Together with Alexander Crum Brown he discovered the relationship between physiological activity and chemical constitution of the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stuart Cull-Candy</span> British neuroscientist

Stuart Graham Cull-Candy is a British neuroscientist. He holds the Gaddum Chair of Pharmacology and a personal Chair in Neuroscience at University College London. He is also a member of the Faculty of 1000 and held a Royal Society - Wolfson Research position.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joshua Harold Burn</span> British pharmacologist (1892–1981)

Joshua Harold Burn FRS was an English pharmacologist and professor of pharmacology at Oxford University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Pickford (physiologist)</span> British neuroendocrinologist

Lillian Mary Pickford was a pioneering British neuroendocrinologist. She was the first woman to be elected to the Pharmacological Society and the first woman appointed to a medical professorship at the University of Edinburgh.

Ivan de Burgh Daly was a British experimental physiologist and animal physiologist who had a specialist knowledge of ECG use and was awarded a Beit Fellowship in this field in 1920. Together with Shellshear, he was the first in England to use thermionic valves in any biological context. In 1948, he was instrumental in the foundation of the Babraham Institute at the University of Cambridge. He was a leading authority on pulmonary and bronchial systems.

The Department of Pharmacology at the University College London, the first of its kind in England, was founded in 1905 and remained in existence until 2007.

The Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh is awarded by the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine to a person who has made any highly important and valuable addition to practical therapeutics in the previous five years. The prize, which may be awarded biennially, was founded in 1878 by Andrew Robertson Cameron of Richmond, New South Wales, with a sum of £2,000. The University's senatus academicus may require the prizewinner to deliver one or more lectures or to publish an account on the addition made to practical therapeutics. A list of recipients of the prize dates back to 1879.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ann Silver</span> British physiologist (1929–2023)

Ann Silver was a British physiologist, known for her pioneering work on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. She wrote a seminal text on the Biology of cholinesterases in 1974 and helped to lay the foundations of the cholinergic hypothesis by mapping cholinergic systems and helping to emphasise the importance of these pathways in brain areas central to cognitive and memory functions, leading to the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Henry Matthew Adam FRSE was a British physician and pharmacologist. Earlier known for research on chemical and biological warfare, he is now mainly remembered for his research on histamines and their role in the body, especially its role in digestion.

Frank Alexander FRSE MRCVS was an English veterinarian who served as Dean of the Dick Vet School, Edinburgh from 1970 to 1974.

References

  1. 1 2 Feldberg, W. (1967). "John Henry Gaddum 1900-1965". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . 13: 56–77. doi: 10.1098/rsbm.1967.0003 .
  2. 1 2 "List of Members". Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina.
  3. 1 2 "Sir John Gaddum". British Pharmacological Society.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "John H. Gaddum". NNDB. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  5. "SIR JOHN GADDUM". British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. 26 (1): 1–2. 1966. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01803.x .
  6. 1 2 Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN   0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  7. "No. 43200". The London Gazette (1st supplement). 31 December 1963. pp. 1–34.
  8. "No. 43250". The London Gazette . 18 February 1964. p. 1563.
  9. Gaddum, J. H. (1957). "Serotonin-LSD Interactions". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 66 (3): 643–648. Bibcode:1957NYASA..66..643G. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1957.tb40754.x. PMID   13425247. S2CID   37825790.
  10. "Person Page". thepeerage.com.