The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State. The office holder is the second-highest-ranking member of the president's Cabinet,after the vice president,and ranks fourth in the presidential line of succession;first amongst cabinet secretaries.
Mark Andrew Green is an American politician and diplomat who is the president,director and CEO of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Before joining the Wilson Center on March 15,2021,he served as the executive director of the McCain Institute for International Leadership,and prior to that,as the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1993 to 1999,was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007,representing Wisconsin's 8th congressional district,ran unsuccessfully for governor of Wisconsin in 2006,and held the post of United States Ambassador to Tanzania from August 2007 until January 2009. Green served as president of the International Republican Institute from 2014 to 2017 and sits on the board of directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
Richard Eugene Hoagland is a career ambassador in the United States Department of State. He was Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in State's Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs from 2013-2015. In the summer of 2016,based at the U.S. Embassy in Amman,Jordan,he was the senior U.S. liaison to the Russian Reconciliation Center at the Russian military base in Latakia,Syria. In 2017 he served as interim U.S. co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group,the group appointed by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to coordinate international peace-making efforts on the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Screamers is a 2006 documentary film directed by Carla Garapedian,conceived by Peter McAlevey and Garapedian and produced by McAlevey. The film explores why genocides have occurred in modern day history and features talks from Serj Tankian,lead vocalist of the American alternative metal band System of a Down,whose grandfather is an Armenian genocide survivor,as well as from human-rights activist,journalist,and professor,Samantha Power,as well as various other people involved with genocides in Rwanda and Darfur. Screamers also examines genocide denial in current-day Turkey,and the neutral trend that the United States generally holds towards genocide.
Ara Sarafian is a British historian of Armenian origin. He is the founding director of the Gomidas Institute in London,which sponsors and carries out research and publishes books on modern Armenian and regional studies.
Armenian genocide recognition is the formal acceptance of the fact that the Ottoman Empire's systematic massacres and forced deportation of Armenians from 1915 to 1923,both during and after the First World War,constituted genocide.
Marie Louise"Masha" Yovanovitch is a Canadian-American former diplomat and retired senior member of the United States Foreign Service. She served in multiple State Department posts,including Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (2004–2005),U.S. Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan (2005–2008),U.S. Ambassador to Armenia (2008–2011),Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (2012–2013),and Ambassador to Ukraine (2016–2019). Yovanovitch is a diplomat in residence at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University. On January 31,2020,it was reported that she had retired from the State Department.
The United States' recognition of the Armenian genocide is the American formal recognition that the deportation and massacre of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during the First World War constituted genocide. The United States recognizes the Armenian genocide through two congressional resolutions passed by both houses of the United States Congress,and by presidential announcement. The House of Representatives passed a resolution with broad support on October 29,2019,and the Senate did the same by unanimous consent on December 12,2019,making the recognition of the Armenian genocide part of the policy of the United States. Before 2019,there were numerous proposed resolutions in Congress to recognize the Armenian genocide,all failing to receive enough support.
Ambassador Morgenthau's Story (1918) is the title of the published memoirs of Henry Morgenthau Sr.,U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1916,until the day of his resignation from the post. The book was dedicated to the then U.S. President Woodrow Wilson,and it took over two years to complete. The ghostwriter for Henry Morgenthau was Burton J. Hendrick;however,a comparison with official documents filed by Morgenthau in his role as ambassador shows that the book must have been structured and written extensively by Morgenthau himself.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created an opportunity for establishing bilateral relations between the United States with Armenia and other post-Soviet states as they began a political and economic transformation. The United States recognized the independence of Armenia on 25 December 1991,and opened an embassy in Armenia's capital Yerevan in February 1992.
Events from the year 2007 in Armenia
Philip Seth Goldberg is an American diplomat and government official who has served as United States ambassador to South Korea since 2022. He served previously as ambassador to the Philippines,Bolivia and Colombia and chief of the U.S. mission in UN-administered Kosovo during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. He has served in Washington as assistant secretary of state for intelligence and research. In 2022,he was nominated by President Joe Biden to be the U.S. ambassador to South Korea and was confirmed on May 5,2022 by the United States Senate through a voice vote.
Liliana Ayalde is the former United States Ambassador to Brazil and was previously the Deputy Assistant Secretary (DAS) for the United States State Department with responsibility for the Offices of Caribbean Affairs,Central American Affairs and Cuban Affairs. From January 2017 to September 2019 she served as the Civilian Deputy to the Commander and Foreign Policy Advisor for the United States Southern Command.
John Joseph Sullivan is an American attorney and government official who served as the United States Ambassador to Russia from 2020 to 2022,and who previously served as the 19th United States Deputy Secretary of State from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party,Sullivan served as Acting United States Secretary of State from April 1,2018,to April 26,2018,following President Donald Trump's dismissal of Secretary of State Rex Tillerson on March 13,2018,until Tillerson's official successor,Mike Pompeo,was sworn in. Tillerson did not officially leave office until March 31,2018. Sullivan,however,was delegated all responsibilities of the Secretary of State beginning March 13.
John A. Heffern is an American diplomat. Heffern served as the United States Ambassador to Armenia from 2011 to 2014. After being nominated on May 18,2011 by United States President Barack Obama,Heffern was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on September 26,2011 and sworn in as ambassador on October 6,2011. He was replaced by Ambassador Richard M. Mills Jr. in early 2015.
The Gomidas Institute is an independent academic institution "dedicated to modern Armenian and regional studies." Its activities include research,publications and educational programmes. It publishes documents,monographs,memoirs and other works on modern Armenian history and organizes lectures and conferences. The institute was founded in 1992 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. It is based in London and maintains a United States branch in Cleveland. British-Armenian historian Ara Sarafian serves as its executive director. Since 1998,the institute has been publishing a quarterly journal titled Armenian Forum. The institute is named after Komitas.
Alexander Mark Laskaris is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to Chad since August 2022. He also served as the United States ambassador to Guinea from 2012 to 2015. Laskaris was the faculty leader in the National War College at the National Defense University.
Lynne M. Tracy is an American diplomat who is the United States ambassador to Russia,serving since January 2023. She formerly served as the United States ambassador to Armenia from 2019 to 2022.
Bibliography of the Armenian genocide is a list of books about the Armenian genocide:
Michael Craig Lemmon is an American retired diplomat and soldier.
