Daniel Fried | |
---|---|
Coordinator for Sanctions Policy | |
In office January 28, 2013 –February 27, 2017 | |
President | Barack Obama Donald Trump |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | James C. O'Brien (2022) |
United States Special Envoy for the Closure of the Guantánamo Bay Detention Facility | |
In office May 15,2009 –January 28,2013 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Cliff Sloan |
23rd Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs | |
In office May 5,2005 –May 14,2009 | |
President | George W. Bush Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Elizabeth Jones |
Succeeded by | Philip H. Gordon |
United States Ambassador to Poland | |
In office November 27,1997 –May 6,2000 | |
President | Bill Clinton |
Preceded by | Nicholas Rey |
Succeeded by | Christopher Hill |
Personal details | |
Born | 1952 (age 71–72) |
Education | Cornell University (BA) Columbia University (MA) |
Daniel Fried (born 1952) is an American diplomat,who served as assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs from 2005 to 2009 and United States ambassador to Poland from 1997 to 2000. [1] [2] He also served as special envoy for Guantanamo closure and co-ordinator for United States embargoes. [3] [4] Fried retired from the State Department in February 2017 after forty years of service. [5]
Daniel Fried was born in New York City to composer Gerald Fried and Judith Pines Fried. He,his sister,and two brothers went to Beverly Hill High School. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1974 and a Master of Arts from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University in 1977.
After earning his graduate degree,Fried entered the Foreign Service. He was employed in the Economic Bureau of the State Department from 1977 to 1979;at the U.S. Consulate General in then-Leningrad from 1980 to 1981;as political officer in the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade from 1982 to 1985;and in the Office of Soviet Affairs at the State Department from 1985 to 1987. Ambassador Fried was Polish desk officer at the State Department from 1987 to 1989 as democracy returned to Poland and Central Europe. He served as political counselor in the U.S. Embassy in Warsaw from 1990 to 1993. Between 1993 and 1997 he was on the staff of the National Security Council,ultimately serving as Special Assistant to President Bill Clinton. While working at the White House,Fried played a peripheral role in implementing U.S. policy on Euro-Atlantic security,including NATO enlargement and the Russia–NATO relationship.
He was Ambassador to Poland from November 1997 until May 2000. Between May 2000 and January 2001,Fried was principal deputy special adviser to the secretary of state for the New Independent States. From January 2001 to May 2005,Fried served in an advisory capacity to U.S. President George W. Bush as special assistant to president and also a member of the staff of the United States National Security Council.
From the time of his Senate confirmation in April 2005 [6] until early-2009,Fried served as the top U.S. diplomat responsible for Europe,with the official title assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs. [7] In that post,Fried helped build and maintain essential relationships with European nations and international organizations such as the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Fried served as special envoy for closure of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp starting on May 15,2009. [8] As special envoy,Fried sat on an inter-agency committee chaired by Attorney General Eric Holder that was to review the remaining captives' cases.[ citation needed ] His particular mandate was to persuade European countries as well as Yemen to accept for resettlement some of the more than 200 detainees. [9] Fried's position was with the U.S. Department of State and he held a rank equivalent to that of an ambassador,but it has been dubbed "Guantanamo Bay Czar" and "Guantanamo Closure Czar" by the certain media outlets [9] and by public officials such as Republican House Minority Whip Eric Cantor of Virginia who oppose the closure of the detention camp. [10] [11]
Fried's job had been described as the most difficult and thankless job in Washington,due in large part to the virtual ban by Congress on resettling the prisoners on U.S. soil. [12] However,in June 2009,Fried expressed confidence that the facility could be closed by January 23,2010. [13] However,he conceded in November 2009 that the deadline would be pushed back. [14]
According to Michelle Shephard,writing in the Toronto Star ,Fried had a staff of just four:Tony Ricci,Mike Williams,Karen Sasahara and Brock Johnson. [14] Ricci,his deputy,is a retired Colonel;Williams is a lawyer,Sasahara is another diplomat,and Johnson was an Obama campaign worker.
During a trip to Europe in September 2009,Fried described Guantanamo detainees by saying "Some qualify as the worst of the worst,and we are going to put those on trial... if there's such a thing as an average Guanatamo detainee,it's someone who was a volunteer,a low-level trainee or a very low-level fighter in a very bad cause,but not a hardened terrorist,not an organizer - and it is those people who we are asking Europeans to take a look at." [13] As of September 16,2009,Hungary,France,Ireland and Portugal,Palau and Bermuda had formally agreed to take former Guantanamo detainees,and according to Fried,France,Spain,Italy and Belgium had detainees under consideration. [15]
On January 28,2013 Charlie Savage,writing in The New York Times reported that Fried would be reassigned,and wrote that according to:"...an internal personnel announcement ... no senior official in President Obama’s second term will succeed Mr. Fried." [3] [4] His duties would be added to those of the senior counsel in the State Department. Savage speculated that the termination of Fried's office was a sign that the Obama administration did not see closure of the prison as realistic.
However,approximately five months later,the Obama administration appointed a new special envoy, [16] Washington lawyer Clifford Sloan,to fill the chief diplomatic role,working in close coordination with a Pentagon-based counterpart,Paul Lewis.
On February 8,2018,Fried delivered the keynote address at the 21st Johns Hopkins University Model United Nations Conference (JHUMUNC XXI). [17]
Fried,who has admitted that "for eight years,first in the Bush administration,then in the Obama administration,I helped draft the U.S. government’s annual statements on that remembrance," [18] opposed the recognition of the Armenian genocide during the U. S. congressional hearings in March 2007. He stated that the congressional resolution "would undercut those voices emerging in Turkey who call for a truthful exploration of those events in pursuit of Turkey’s reconciliation with its own past,and with Armenia," and added,"Our fear is that passage of any such resolution would close minds and harden hearts." [19]
In mid-2008,reporter Helene Cooper of The New York Times wrote that an anonymous administration official described Fried as a foreign policy "hawk" [20] on the issue of whether the U.S. should give military aid to the nation of Georgia in its territorial dispute with Russia.
Lee Scott Wolosky is an American diplomat and attorney who served under four U.S. presidents in legal and national security positions,most recently as Special Counsel to President Joe Biden. He is currently co-chair of the Litigation Department and a member of the Management Committee at Jenner &Block LLP
Abu Faraj al-Libi is an assumed name or nom de guerre of a Libyan alleged to be a senior member of the al-Qaeda terrorist organization. His real name is Mustafa Faraj Muhammad Muhammad Masud al-Jadid al-Uzaybi. He was arrested by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) on May 2,2005,in Mardan. Finding al-Libi was a joint effort of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Special Activities Division and Pakistan's Special Forces.
The Federal Correctional Institution,Thomson,formerly United States Penitentiary,Thomson and Thomson Correctional Center,is a low-security federal prison located in Thomson,Illinois. It has an area of about 146 acres (59 ha) and comprises 15 buildings. The facility is enclosed by a 15-foot (4.6 m),7000 volt electric fence surrounded by an additional 12-foot (3.7 m) exterior fence covered with razor wire. Thomson has eight cellhouses with a rated capacity of 2,100 beds—1,900 high-security SMU beds and 200 minimum-security beds at the onsite camp—and according to BOP officials,the potential to use some of its high-security rated capacity to house up to 400 ADX inmates. From its completion in 2001 to 2006,it remained empty. By 2009,only the minimum-security section housed prisoners.
The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison within Naval Station Guantanamo Bay (NSGB),also called GTMO on the coast of Guantánamo Bay,Cuba. It was established in January 2002 by U.S. President George W. Bush to hold terrorism suspects and "illegal enemy combatants" during the Global War on Terrorism following the attacks of September 11,2001. As of August 2024,at least 780 persons from 48 countries have been detained at the camp since its creation,of whom 740 had been transferred elsewhere,9 died in custody,and 30 remain;only 16 detainees have ever been charged by the U.S. with criminal offenses.
Mullah Mohammad Fazl is a member of the Taliban militant group and the First Deputy Defense Minister of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,having assumed the role on 7 September 2021. He also served in the position during the previous Taliban government (1996–2001).
Abdul Haq Wasiq is the Director of Intelligence of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since September 7,2021. He was previously the Deputy Minister of Intelligence in the former Taliban government (1996–2001). He was held in extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps,in Cuba,from 2002 to 2014. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 4. American intelligence analysts estimate that he was born in 1971 in Ghazni Province,Afghanistan.
Clifford Sloan is an attorney and American diplomat who served as Special Envoy for Guantanamo Closure at the United States Department of State. Sloan is currently a Dean's Visiting Scholar at Georgetown University Law Center and retired partner for Skadden,Arps,Slate,Meagher &Flom LLP and Affiliates. Previously,Sloan was the publisher of Slate magazine.
Tarek Ali Abdullah Ahmed Baada is a citizen of Yemen,who was formerly held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps,in Cuba. His detainee ID number is 178. Joint Task Force Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts estimated that Baada was born in 1978 in Shebwa,Yemen.
Donald E. Booth is an American diplomat who is serving as the U.S. Special Envoy for Sudan. Between August 2013 and January 2017,he was the U.S. Special Envoy to Sudan and South Sudan. Prior to his appointments as special envoy,Booth served as the Ambassador of the United States to Liberia,Zambia,and Ethiopia.
"Enhanced interrogation techniques" or "enhanced interrogation" was a program of systematic torture of detainees by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and various components of the U.S. Armed Forces at remote sites around the world—including Bagram,Guantanamo Bay,Abu Ghraib,and Bucharest—authorized by officials of the George W. Bush administration. Methods used included beating,binding in contorted stress positions,hooding,subjection to deafening noise,sleep disruption,sleep deprivation to the point of hallucination,deprivation of food,drink,and medical care for wounds,as well as waterboarding,walling,sexual humiliation,rape,sexual assault,subjection to extreme heat or extreme cold,and confinement in small coffin-like boxes. A Guantanamo inmate's drawings of some of these tortures,to which he himself was subjected,were published in The New York Times. Some of these techniques fall under the category known as "white room torture". Several detainees endured medically unnecessary "rectal rehydration","rectal fluid resuscitation",and "rectal feeding". In addition to brutalizing detainees,there were threats to their families such as threats to harm children,and threats to sexually abuse or to cut the throat of detainees' mothers.
The Parwan Detention Facility is Afghanistan's main military prison. Situated next to the Bagram Air Base in the Parwan Province of Afghanistan,the prison was built by the U.S. during the George W. Bush administration. The Parwan Detention Facility,which housed foreign and local combatants,was maintained by the Afghan National Army.
In the years after the September 11,2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York City,Yemen became a key site for U.S. intelligence gathering and drone attacks on Al-Qaeda. According to the 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report,18% of Yemenis approved of U.S. leadership,with 59% disapproving and 23% uncertain. According to a February 2015 report from the Congressional Research Service,U.S. officials considered Al-Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula the Al-Qaeda affiliate "most likely to attempt transnational attacks against the United States."
Muhammed Murdi Issa Al Zahrani is a citizen of Saudi Arabia who was held in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detention camps,in Cuba from August 5,2002,until November 22,2014. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 713. Joint Task Force Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts estimate he was born in 1969,in Taif,Saudi Arabia.
Standish Maximum Correctional Facility (SMF) was a Michigan Department of Corrections maximum security prison in Standish,Michigan. The men's prison was on the south side of M-61. It was once considered as a potential site for housing detainees to be relocated from the prison in Guantánamo Bay,Cuba. The facility was in operation for over 19 years. As of November 2023,the facility remains unused but still stands.
In late 2008,the Department of Defense published a list of the Guantanamo captives who died in custody,were freed,or were repatriated to the custody of another country. The list was drafted on October 8,2008,and was published on November 26,2008. Subsequently almost two hundred more captives have been released or transferred,and several more have died in custody.
The Periodic Review Boards administrate a US "administrative procedure" for recommending whether certain individuals held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camps,in Cuba are safe to release or transfer,or whether they should continue to be held without charge. The boards are authorized by and overseen by the Periodic Review Secretariat,which President Barack Obama set up with Executive Order 13567 on March 7,2011.
Paul Lewis is an American lawyer and diplomat. Lewis served as Marine JAG officer and chief counsel to House Armed Services Committee,before President Obama appointed him as Special Envoy for Guantanamo Bay facility closure.
Abdel Malik Ahmed Abdel Wahab Al Rahabi is a citizen of Yemen who was held in extrajudicial detention by the United States from December 2001 to June 22,2016. He was one of the first twenty captives transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camps,in Cuba,on January 11,2002,and was held there until he was transferred to Montenegro,which granted him political asylum.
The State Department on Monday reassigned Daniel Fried, the special envoy for closing the prison at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, and will not replace him, according to an internal personnel announcement. Mr. Fried's office is being closed, and his former responsibilities will be "assumed" by the office of the department's legal adviser, the notice said.
As of today, there is no longer a State Department office overseeing efforts to close the US prison at Cuba's Guantanamo Bay, and the person assigned to the task, Daniel Fried, has been given something else to do, reported The New York Times, citing an official statement.