Joint terminal attack controller

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A United States Air Force joint terminal attack controller using a radio to coordinate close air support with an A-10 Thunderbolt II Defense.gov News Photo 110923-F-MQ656-036 - Joint Terminal Attack Controller Tech. Sgt. Aaron Switzer U.S. Air Force uses a radio to communicate with pilots of A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft.jpg
A United States Air Force joint terminal attack controller using a radio to coordinate close air support with an A-10 Thunderbolt II

Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) is the term used in the United States Armed Forces and some other military forces for a qualified service member who directs the action of military aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations from a forward position. The term that is used in most other countries, as well as previously in the U.S. and in the relevant NATO standard, [1] is Forward Air Controller. [2] The term became effective in the U.S. on September 3, 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 3-09.3 Close Air Support. [3]

Contents

Australia

An Australian Army JTAC in 2016 Australian Army joint terminal attack controller in 2016.jpg
An Australian Army JTAC in 2016

In 2006, the Royal Australian Air Force became the first foreign air force to receive JTAC accreditation from the United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM). [4] No. 4 Squadron RAAF runs JTAC training, and provides trained controllers to other units, with its main role being to support the units of the Special Operations Command. JTAC-qualified personnel have served in Afghanistan. [5] [6] The Australian Army's 16 Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery also includes a troop of JTACs. [7]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are (as of December 2021) in the process of making and organizing their JTAC units with training from SOCEUR. U.S. Army SOF Soldiers are assisting and advising AF BiH in the creation of a national JTAC program which will be one of the first specialty-selected, trained, and equipped units in AF BiH.

Canada

Canadian JTACs are currently part of the artillery observation battery. They are employed in the regular Canadian Army and as part of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM). The Royal Canadian Air Force TACP personnel can also be employed in the JTAC role provided they successfully complete the JTAC course. There is current discussion on creating JTAC as a stand alone MOS/trade within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It is currently executed as a secondary duty by mainly artillery Non-Commissioned Members (NCMs). [8]

Finland

The Finnish Army has JTACs as part of the professional SOF units, [9] and some of the reserve officers trained as artillery observers also receive training in directing close air support. [10] Finnish JTACs are trained according to US and NATO standards [11]

Italy

Italy has qualified JTAC operators in its tier 1, 2 and 3 teams. Some of these operators have served in Afghanistan, as part of TF45. During the Afghanistan War, AMX ground attack aircraft from the Italian Air Force TF BLACK CATS conducted Close Air Support with JTAC operators on the ground provided by the Italian Army, the Carabinieri, and the Navy and Air Force. [12] The equipment used by Italian JTAC operators is not well publicized, although the equipment used by 185 RRAO has been briefly reported on. [13] The training areas used by Italian JTACs are also kept secret. It has been reported that Italian JTACs will potentially work with the newest gunship, the MC-27J Praetorian in the future. [14]

United Kingdom

See: Forward air Control. [15]

United States

USAF TACP JTACs calling for close air support at Contingency Operating Post Jaghato, Afghanistan, May 1, 2010 USAF TACP in Afghanistan.jpg
USAF TACP JTACs calling for close air support at Contingency Operating Post Jaghato, Afghanistan, May 1, 2010

A qualified and current JTAC is recognized across the U.S. Department of Defense as being capable and authorized to perform terminal attack control. [16]

United States Marine Corps students undertake a rigorous five-week hands on training at the Expeditionary Warfare Training Group, Pacific (EWTGPAC), and Atlantic (EWTGLANT). Candidates for this school are USMC forward observers, USMC Reconnaissance, or USMC pilots (Officers). United States Air Force students receive their training at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, while United States Navy students are trained at the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) at Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada by SEALs assigned to NSAWC.[ citation needed ] The USMC requires that FACs: [17] [18]

At the completion of the TACP course Aviators are granted the 7502 FAC MOS and are considered certified and qualified JTACs.

Non-aviator FACs in the United States Marine Corps must meet the following requirements:[ citation needed ]

When deployed on operations each USMC infantry company is allocated a FAC or JTAC. It is proposed that standard squad leaders will be trained as Joint Fires Observers. [19]

The Air Force trains JTACS at two locations, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada and Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. At Nellis the 6th Combat Training Squadron has two JTAC courses; Joint Terminal Attack Controller Qualification Course, Joint Terminal Attack Controller Instructor Course. [20] The JTAC course at Spangdahlem is through the Joint Firepower Center of Excellence (JFCOE). [21]

Nellis is also home to the graduate-level JTAC Weapons Instructor Course through the U.S. Air Force Weapons School which is open to TACPs/ALOs and Combat Controllers/STOs. The course requires applicants to be qualified JTACs for three years and a JTAC Instructor for one year. The 5.5 month-long course is held twice per year and includes 752 total hours in classrooms and on ranges. The first class graduated in December 2012. They train in conjunction with pilots attending the Weapons School. As of June 24, 2015 29 airmen have graduated from the JTAC Advanced Instructor Course. [22] [23] [24]

Members of special operations units [25] may attend the Special Operations Terminal Attack Control Course (SOTACC) at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. SOTACC was established 2003 under the Army's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and was subsequently transferred to the Air Force Special Operations Command's Special Tactics Training Squadron in 2008. [26]

JDAT, formerly JFIIT, provided SMEs for the revision of the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 3733, the JFIRE Multi-Service Procedures for the Joint Application of Firepower publication, and Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) Memorandums of Agreement for DoD and partner nations. [27]

See also

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Forward air controllers in the Korean War were prominent throughout the conflict. United Nations forces depended upon improvised U.S. forward air control systems. The United States military held two competing doctrines for directing close air support (CAS). The U.S. Marine Corps' system depended on an organic supporting air wing delivering ordnance within 1,000 yards of front-line troops; this was to compensate for their weakness in artillery caused by being an amphibious force. On the other hand, the U.S. Army believed close air support should extend the range of its own organic artillery; it also wanted its own air corps. However, the U.S. Air Force was tasked with supplying trained fighter pilots as forward air controllers (FACs), with the Army supplying equipment and personnel. As events fell out, the 1st Marine Air Wing supplied the FACs and air strikes for X Corps during the war, while 5th Air Force supplied FACs and strike support to 8th Army. There were awkward attempts at coordination between the two, and with carrier-borne air power, though with limited success.

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The 165th Air Support Operations Squadron is a combat support and geographically separated unit of the 165th Airlift Wing (AW) in the Georgia Air National Guard. The 165 ASOS is located at Savannah-Hilton Head International Airport, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The 165 ASOS falls under jurisdiction of Air Combat Command (ACC) along with other Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) squadrons, whereas the 165 AW falls under the jurisdiction of Air Mobility Command. The 165 ASOS provides TACP members; Air Liaison Officer (ALO) members; Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Liaison Officer (ISRLO) members; and support personnel to aligned units in support of combat operations.

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The Joint Forward Air Controller Training and Standards Unit (JFACTSU) is a training unit located at RAF Leeming in North Yorkshire, England. The unit teaches students from across all three services of the United Kingdom's Armed Forces about Forward Air Control (FAC) including laser designation of targets. Forward Air Controllers working from a forward position on the ground or in the air, direct the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support of land forces.

References

  1. ↑ "NATO STANAG 3797 MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS & LASER OPERATORS IN SUPPORT OF FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS". NATO. Archived from the original on August 29, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Training the RAF's eyes and ears". BBC. February 14, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2001. I ask if Prince Harry's deployment as a forward air controller, or what the Americans term a "JTAC" (joint tactical air controller or joint terminal attack controller), has boosted the number of volunteers for the job.
  3. ↑ Lieutenant Colonel Steven P. Milliron, Army Aviation. "Army JTAC training--the way ahead". U.S. Field Artillery Association. Effective 3 September 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 3-09.3 Tactics. Techniques and Procedures (TTP) for Close Air Support, the joint community codified the requirements for an individual to direct the actions of combat aircraft engaged in CAS and other air operations. This position, called a "joint terminal attack controller" was created to standardize the certification and qualification process for terminal attack controllers to ensure a common capability across the services. The Army needs to develop Soldiers who, from a forward position, can deliver joint indirect fires and direct the actions of joint combat aircraft. The Joint Combat Aircraft (JCA) is the official designation used by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense for the F-35 Lightning II, formerly known as the Joint Strike Fighter, and the result of the Joint Strike Fighter competition.
  4. ↑ Defence Magazine, June 2006 Archived September 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ Allard, Tom (March 17, 2008). "New squadron will aim to cut civilian deaths". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  6. ↑ Air Power Development Centre (June 2014). "Combat Control in the RAAF". Pathfinder Issue 224. Royal Australian Air Force.
  7. ↑ "16th Air Land Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery". Australian Army. Archived from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) - Canadian Forces College" (PDF).
  9. ↑ "Puolustusvoimien erikoisjoukko pystyy ohjaamaan Hornetien JASSM-ohjukset maaliin maasta käsin – vastaus Venäjän S-400-uhkaan? - Ilta-SAnomat". February 15, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Tulenjohtajat toimivat näköalapaikalla - Finnish Army Magazine Intti". June 18, 2021.
  11. ↑ "Ilmatulenjohto osana taistelevan joukon suorituskykyä - Finnish Army". December 2019.
  12. ↑ "Task Force 45". Colmoschin.it. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  13. ↑ "Home - 185 RRAO". 185 RRAO. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  14. ↑ "MC-27J Praetorian - Alenia Aermacchi". Aleniaaermacchi.it. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Forward Air Controllers | British FAC | JTAC". www.eliteukforces.info. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  16. ↑ "Full text of "Joint Fire Support Executive Steering Committee Governance and Management, 23 May 2014"". Archive.org. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  17. ↑ Maj Brian T Koch (February 2007). "Evolution of ANGLICO". Marine Corps Gazette. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016.
  18. ↑ "United States Marine Corps (USMC) Officer Job Descriptions". Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved October 3, 2015. Forward air controller/air officers direct and control close air support missions and advise commanders of ground units on matters pertaining to air support.
  19. ↑ Rupert Pengelley (November 2008). "USMC proposes to train more squad leaders to act as FACs". International Defence Digest: 4.
  20. ↑ "Factsheets : 6th Combat Training Squadron". Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Joint Fires Center of Excellence begins training". Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ↑ "First enlisted airmen eligible to wear Weapons School patches". Airforcetimes.com. June 24, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Enlisted heroes receive graduate-level education at weapons school". Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  25. ↑ Kit Cage interviews Special Forces Joint terminal attack controller (JTAC) Wes J. Bryant MSG (Retired USAF) the Co-author of Hunting the Caliphate (2018) (June 2022) Ep8: Wes J Bryant | USAF Master Sergeant retired | JTAC | SOF | TACP | Author | Amateur Philosopher
  26. ↑ "Air Force becomes newest YPG tenant | Military News". Yumasun.com. July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Joint FIRES Integration and Interoperability Team" (PDF). The Joint Staff. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
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