In the Philippines,provinces are one of its primary political and administrative divisions. There are 82 provinces at present,which are further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The local government units in the National Capital Region,as well as independent cities,are independent of any provincial government. Each province is governed by an elected legislature called the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and an elected governor.
The Supreme Court (Filipino:Kataas-taasang Hukuman;colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11,1901 through the enactment of its Act No. 136,an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila,the predecessor of the Supreme Court.
Hilario Gelbolingo Davide Jr. is a Filipino lawyer,professor,diplomat,constitutionalist and former politician,who served as the 20th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and Permanent Representative of the Permanent Mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the United Nations. As constitutionalist,Davide led the creation of the Legislative branch,and also wrote the most resolutions and the bulk of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines,becoming its father and primary author.
Lucio Chua Tan Sr. is a Filipino business magnate,investor,and philanthropist. He presides over the Filipino conglomerate company LT Group,Inc.,a company with extensive business interests in sports,banking,airline,liquor,tobacco,real estate,beverages,and education. As of September 2021,his net worth is estimated at US$1.9 billion.
Artemio Villaseñor Panganiban Jr. is a Filipino jurist. He served as the 21st Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Philippines from 2005 to 2006.
Cancio C. Garcia was a Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court on October 6,2004,by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and retired on October 19,2007.
JoséYulo Yulo was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation and was Speaker of the National Assembly of the Philippines from 1939 until World War II started in 1941. Yulo served in all of the branches of government:the legislative as House Speaker,congressman,and senator;the executive as Secretary of Justice and member of the Cabinet;and the judiciary as the Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He and his family also owned the Canlubang Sugar Estate that they bought in 1948.
Victorino Montaño Mapa was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and later,as the second Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American colonial Insular Government.
The Civil Service Commission is one of the three Constitutional Commissions of the Philippines with responsibility over the civil service. It is tasked with overseeing the integrity of government actions and processes. The commission was founded in 1900 through Act No. 5 of the Philippine Commission and was made a bureau in 1905. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) is the central personnel agency of the Philippine government responsible for the policies,plans,and programs concerning all civil service employees.
The Philippine Bar Examination is the professional licensure examination for lawyers in the Philippines. The exam is exclusively administered by the Supreme Court of the Philippines through the Supreme Court Bar Examination Committee.
Arturo Dizon Brion is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He took his oath as a member of the Supreme Court on March 17,2008. From 2006 until his appointment to the Supreme Court,Brion served in the cabinet of President Macapagal-Arroyo as the Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment.
2008 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 2008.
John Thomas McDonough was an American lawyer and politician.
Abraham F. Sarmiento Sr. was a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1987 to 1991. An active figure in the political opposition against the martial law government of President Ferdinand Marcos,he was appointed to the Court by Marcos' successor,President Corazon Aquino.
Diosdado "Dado" Madarang Peralta is a Filipino attorney and jurist who served as the chief justice of the Philippines from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from January 13,2009,to October 22,2019. He is the third Sandiganbayan presiding justice to be appointed to the high tribunal.
Lucas Purugganan Bersamin is a Filipino lawyer and jurist who currently serves as the 40th Executive Secretary of the Philippines. Bersamin previously served in the Supreme Court of the Philippines for 10 years,first as an associate justice from 2009 to 2018 and then as the 25th Chief Justice of the Philippines from 2018 until his retirement in 2019. He was named by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to the high court as an associate justice on April 2,2009. Prior to becoming an associate justice,he was a member of the Court of Appeals.
Mariano C. del Castillo is a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012,officially recorded as Republic Act No. 10175,is a law in the Philippines that was approved on September 12,2012. It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting,cybersex,child pornography,identity theft,illegal access to data and libel.
Herminio "Harry" Lopez Roque Jr. is a Filipino lawyer,politician,and former law professor. He served as the presidential spokesperson of President Rodrigo Duterte from 2017 to 2018 and from 2020 to 2021. He was the party-list representative of KABAYAN from 2016 to 2017.
The judiciary of the Philippines consists of the Supreme Court,which is established in the Constitution,and three levels of lower courts,which are established through law by the Congress of the Philippines. The Supreme Court has expansive powers,able to overrule political and administrative decisions,and with the ability to craft rules and law without precedent. It further determines the rules of procedure for lower courts,and its members sit on electoral tribunals.
