Josefine Winter (since 1914 Winter Edle von Wigmar; born 21 December 1873 in Vienna; died 20 January 1943 in the Theresienstadt ghetto) was an Austrian painter, composer and writer.
Josefine Winter (since 1914 Winter Edle von Wigmar; born 21 December 1873 in Vienna; died 20 January 1943 in the Theresienstadt ghetto) was an Austrian painter, composer and writer.
Josefine, or Josephine, was born in Vienna, the daughter of Rudolf Auspitz (1837-1906) and Helene Lieben (1838-1896). In 1879, her mother fell ill with depression and was put in the Préfargier psychiatric hospital near Neuchâtel. The children were placed in the care of a governess, Marie Heidenhain from Dresden, who became the father's new wife after the mother's death in 1896 [1] [2]
Josefine was educated by private tutors, but as a girl was not allowed to study. Like her mother, she began to paint. Her teachers were Emanuel Stöckler and Ludwig Michalek. [3] Although both parents were patrons of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, they did not notice her musical talent. She received only the piano lessons customary at the time for children from "good homes." Through visits to performances of the Vienna Court Opera, Josefine became enthusiastic about Georges Bizet's Carmen and began to play the melodies she heard on the piano. The pianist Lili Michalek became her first teacher before she became a student of Josef Bohuslav Foerster at the New Vienna Conservatory.
In 1894, she married Alfred Fröhlich von Feldau (died 6 April 1913) and had two children, [4] Hilde (born 26 December 1895) and Walter (born 22 September 1897; died 21 September 1960). Her name changed to Josefine Fröhlich Rosa Edle von Feldau. [5] She divorced her first husband and married the Viennese doctor and poet Josef Winter (born 2 February 1857 in Vienna; died 6 July 1916 in Vienna). [5] With Winter, she had a daughter, Marianne von Nechansky-Winter (21 April 1902 - 24 August 1985), a painter, and a son, Gerhard (born 29 April 1903). [6]
Josefine took over the management of a children's care home during the First World War. [7] Using her fortune, her husband founded, among other things, a lung sanatorium and mobile epidemic laboratories for the Red Cross, for which he was awarded the title "Edler von Wigmar" in 1914. Josephine became Josefine Rosa Winter Edle von Wigmar. [8]
Her husband died from heart disease in July 1916.
After the Anschluss of Austria in 1938, she was persecuted by the Nazis as a Jew. [9] Due to the anti-Jewish Nuremberg Race Laws, Josefine Winter was expelled from her villa at Anastasius-Grün-Gasse 54 in the Cottage district of Währing to Vereinigte Textilwerke K. H. Barthel & Co, a company linked to the Gabersdorf labour camp,[ citation needed ] was forced into a "collective apartment" in the Second District at Springergasse 27 and lost all her rights. [10] She tried to regain them with a personal letter to Adolf Hitler. Her assets were "Aryanized", that is, transferred to non-Jewish owners, and she was deported on Transport IV/4 to the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 15 July 1942, where she died on 20 January 1943. [11] The Winter family's art collection included a large number of works by Rudolf von Alt and one of Rembrandt's works that was destined for the Führer Museum. [12]
She set to music texts by female poets of her time, such as Paula Preradović and Hilda Benjamin.[ citation needed ]
Encyclopedias of Austrian painting of the 19th century reference her. [13] She had an exhibition in 1923 and 1924 in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. [7]
Olga Wisinger-Florian was an Austrian impressionist painter, mainly of landscapes and flower still life. She was a representative of the Austrian "Stimmungsimpressionismus", a loose group of Austrian impressionist painters that was considered avant-garde in the 1870s and 1880s.
Robert von Lieben was an Austrian entrepreneur, and self-taught physicist and inventor. Lieben and his associates Eugen Reisz and Siegmund Strauss invented and produced a gas-filled triode – the first thermionic valve with a control grid that was designed specifically for amplification rather than demodulation of signals, and is a distant ancestor of the thyratron. After Lieben's death, the "Lieben valve", which is also known in English as the "Lieben-Reisz valve" and in German as the "LRS-Relais", was used in the world's first continuous wave radio frequency generator designed for radio telephony.
Lőwy Hevesi Lajos, or Ludwig Hevesi was a Hungarian journalist and writer.
Karl Wolfgang Franz Count Motesiczky was an Austrian student of medicine and psychoanalysis and an active opponent of Nazism. After the German annexation of Austria, Motesiczky used his manor in Hinterbrühl to shelter Jews and other persecuted persons. He was arrested by the Gestapo on October 13, 1942, for helping Jews to flee to Switzerland. Following his deportation he perished in Auschwitz concentration camp. Posthumously, he was honoured as a Righteous Among the Nations.
Hermann von Wissmann was a German-Austrian explorer of Arabia.
[Johann] Ignaz Albrecht was an Austrian engraver active from ca. 1789. He is listed as an engraver in the various Viennese Kommerzialschematismen until 1814. The "Verlassenschaftsabhandlungen" and the "Totenbeschauprotokolle" in the Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchiv reveal that two of Albrecht's children died in 1791 and a third died in 1796. During this period the residence of this "Kupferstecher" is given as "auf der Wieden No. 312."
Rudolf Auspitz was an Austrian industrialist, economist, politician, and banker. He was the father of artist Josefine Winter (1873-1943)
Josefine Swoboda was an Austrian portrait painter. She was one of the most active Vienna portraitists.
Hedwig Edle von Malheim Friedländer, after 1919 Hedwig Friedländer (1863–1945) was an Austrian painter.
Josefine Gallmeyer was an Austrian actress and theatre director of German origin.
Edith Saurer was an Austrian historian, university professor at the University of Vienna, scientific author, and publisher. She is regarded as a central cofounder and advocate of feminist historiography in Austria. She received the Käthe Leichter Prize, Gabriele Possanner State Prize, and the Golden Medal for her services to the State of Vienna.
Marie Charlotte Cäcilie Geistinger (1836–1903) was an Austrian actress and operatic soprano, known as the "Queen of Operetta". She frequently appeared in works by Jacques Offenbach, Johann Strauss II and Franz von Suppé. She achieved particular acclaim for performing Rosalinda in the première of Die Fledermaus at the Theater an der Wien in 1874. In 1881, her debut at the Thalia Theatre in New York was well received.
Hartmut Krones is an Austrian musicologist.
Grete Hinterhofer was an Austrian pianist, music teacher and composer.
Anna Goldmann Hirschler-Forstenheim was an Austrian writer and poet.
Sibylle von Bolla-Kotek was an Austrian scholar of legal history and the first female professor in a legal faculty in Austria.
Sidonie Josepha Grünwald-Zerkowitz was an Austro-Hungarian writer, poet, translator, educator, and fashion designer.
Samuel Kende was an Austrian art dealer, antiquarian and auctioneer whose auction house, S. Kende, in Vienna, was "Aryanized" after the Nazi annexation of Austria.
Josephine Amann-Weinlich was an Austrian pianist, violinist, conductor and composer. She founded and conducted Europe's first women orchestra.
Rosa Hochmann, née Stransky, née Rosenfeld, was a violinist and violin teacher.
During the First World War she took over the management of a children's home and her husband founded a sanatorium and mobile epidemic laboratories for the Red Cross. After the war she exhibited in both 1923 and 1924 at the Vienna Künstlerhaus and in 1927 published a book entitled 'Fifty years of a Viennese house' (Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna / Leipzig). In 1936 a recital of works that she had composed took place in Vienna.