Joseph P. Heremans

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Joseph P. Heremans

Membership of NAE
Prof. Joseph P. Heremans.jpg
Heremans in his lab
Alma mater University of Louvain
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Website tml.engineering.osu.edu

Joseph P. Heremans is a condensed matter experimental physicist at The Ohio State University where he holds titles as Ohio Eminent Scholar and Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, with courtesy appointments in the Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering. [1] He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His research focuses on magneto-transport, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of electrons, phonons, and spin in narrow-gap semiconductors, semimetals, and nanostructures. [2] Prior to OSU, Heremans worked as a research scientist and research manager at GM Research Lab from 1984-1998 and the Delphi Research Labs (1999-2005), where he developed tunable IR diode lasers and magnetic sensors.

Contents

Education

Heremans was educated at the École Polytechnique de Louvain, the college of engineering of the Catholic University of Louvain (Université Catholique de Louvain) where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering (Ingénieur Civil Electricien) in 1975 followed by a Doctor of Applied Sciences degree (Docteur en Sciences Appliquées) in applied physics in 1978. His Ph.D. training included a Research Fellowship with the Belgian Institute for Research in Industry and Agriculture (IRSIA). Following his formal education, Prof. Heremans worked as invited postdoctoral scientist, including at the Oersted Institute at the University of Copenhagen, where he worked under the direction of Prof. Ole P. Hansen, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked under the direction of Prof. Millie Dresselhaus, and the Institute for Solid State Physics at the University of Tokyo, where he worked under the direction of Prof. Seichi Tanuma. Concurrently with these postdoctoral assignments, he worked as a researcher for the Fonds National Belge de la Recherche Scientifique.

Career and research

Heremans' research involves experimental investigation of electron, magnon, and phonon transport properties; narrow-gap semiconductor physics (primarily InSb, PbTe, and BiSb alloys), semimetals (primarily bismuth and graphite), and nanostructures. His early work at GM focused on PbTe-based infrared diode lasers and other properties of semiconductors (e.g. he showed that molten carbon is a metal).

In the 1990s, Heremans developed the geometrical magnetoseebeck and magnetoresistance effects, the latter of which resulted in commercial position sensors used on crank and camshafts by GM. In the early 2000s, his work on quantum wires resulted in the discovery of large thermopowers due to size-quantization effects. [3] In 2008, his team published evidence that resonant levels increase the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, in PbTe by distorting the electronic density of states. [4] The focus of his laboratory switched to spin caloritronic effects around 2010. [5] [6]

In 2012, his team published data proving the giant spin-Seebeck effect in a non-magnetic material; they demonstrated that the giant spin-Seebeck effect in InSb is as large as the largest thermopower values ever measured. [7]

In 2013, Heremans was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for discoveries in thermal energy transfer and conversion to electricity, and for commercial devices employed in automobiles.

In 2015, his team published experimental proof that phonons in diamagnets respond to magnetic fields, proving that heat and sound can be controlled magnetically. [8]

In a recent review paper, he outlines the difficulties in obtaining truly electrically insulating topological insulators. [9] Most recently, he and several colleagues developed goniopolar materials, materials that, due to the specific shape and topology of their Fermi surface, display simultaneous n- and p-type behavior of the same charge carriers, depending on the direction and type of measurement. [10]

In his career, he has published over 250 publications in refereed journals and conference proceedings. These publications have been cited over 11,000 times, with his most-cited paper "Enhancement of Thermoelectric Efficiency in PbTe by Distortion of the Electronic Density of States," which has been cited more than 1800 times. [11] He has been issued 39 U.S. patents and co-edited two books. [12] [13]

Honors and awards

In 1987, Heremans was named fellow of the American Physical Society for his pioneering work in the thermal conductivity of low-dimensional materials and electronic magnetostriction; and for the study of electronic and thermal properties of narrow-gap semiconductors, semimetals, and graphite intercalation compounds. [14] In 2011, he was named fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science, [15] and he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2013. [16]

Heremans has won several awards at OSU: the Clara M. and Peter L. Scott Award for Excellence in Engineering Education (2014), the Lumley Interdisciplinary Research Award (2013, 2019), the Lumley Award (2010), the Innovators Award (2010), and the Inventor of the Year Award (2011). At General Motors he was the recipient of the Charles L. McCuen Award (1994), the John M. Campbell Award (1989) and the Boss Kettering Award (1994). At Delphi he was elected to the Inventors Hall of Fame (1999), Gold Level (2004), and won the Scientific Excellence Award (2003).

Related Research Articles

Spintronics, also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metallic systems; the analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thermoelectric materials</span> Materials whose temperature variance leads to voltage change

Thermoelectric materials show the thermoelectric effect in a strong or convenient form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seebeck coefficient</span> Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature

The Seebeck coefficient of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect. The SI unit of the Seebeck coefficient is volts per kelvin (V/K), although it is more often given in microvolts per kelvin (μV/K).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semimetal</span>

A semimetal is a material with a very small overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band. According to electronic band theory, solids can be classified as insulators, semiconductors, semimetals, or metals. In insulators and semiconductors the filled valence band is separated from an empty conduction band by a band gap. For insulators, the magnitude of the band gap is larger than that of a semiconductor. Because of the slight overlap between the conduction and valence bands, semimetals have no band gap and a negligible density of states at the Fermi level. A metal, by contrast, has an appreciable density of states at the Fermi level because the conduction band is partially filled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mildred Dresselhaus</span> American physicist

Mildred Dresselhaus, known as the "Queen of Carbon Science", was an American nanotechnologist. She was an Institute Professor and Professor Emerita of physics and electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dresselhaus won numerous awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, the Enrico Fermi Award and the Vannevar Bush Award.

Magnetic semiconductors are semiconductor materials that exhibit both ferromagnetism and useful semiconductor properties. If implemented in devices, these materials could provide a new type of control of conduction. Whereas traditional electronics are based on control of charge carriers, practical magnetic semiconductors would also allow control of quantum spin state. This would theoretically provide near-total spin polarization, which is an important property for spintronics applications, e.g. spin transistors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heusler compound</span>

Heusler compounds are magnetic intermetallics with face-centered cubic crystal structure and a composition of XYZ (half-Heuslers) or X2YZ (full-Heuslers), where X and Y are transition metals and Z is in the p-block. The term derives from the name of German mining engineer and chemist Friedrich Heusler, who studied such a compound (Cu2MnAl) in 1903. Many of these compounds exhibit properties relevant to spintronics, such as magnetoresistance, variations of the Hall effect, ferro-, antiferro-, and ferrimagnetism, half- and semimetallicity, semiconductivity with spin filter ability, superconductivity, topological band structure and are actively studied as Thermoelectric materials. Their magnetism results from a double-exchange mechanism between neighboring magnetic ions. Manganese, which sits at the body centers of the cubic structure, was the magnetic ion in the first Heusler compound discovered. (See the Bethe–Slater curve for details of why this happens.)

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth telluride</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth telluride is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride. It is a semiconductor, which, when alloyed with antimony or selenium, is an efficient thermoelectric material for refrigeration or portable power generation. Bi2Te3 is a topological insulator, and thus exhibits thickness-dependent physical properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead telluride</span> Chemical compound

Lead telluride is a compound of lead and tellurium (PbTe). It crystallizes in the NaCl crystal structure with Pb atoms occupying the cation and Te forming the anionic lattice. It is a narrow gap semiconductor with a band gap of 0.32 eV. It occurs naturally as the mineral altaite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tin telluride</span> Chemical compound

Tin telluride is a compound of tin and tellurium (SnTe); is a IV-VI narrow band gap semiconductor and has direct band gap of 0.18 eV. It is often alloyed with lead to make lead tin telluride, which is used as an infrared detector material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tin selenide</span> Chemical compound

Tin selenide, also known as stannous selenide, is an inorganic compound with the formula SnSe. Tin(II) selenide is a typical layered metal chalcogenide as it includes a group 16 anion (Se2−) and an electropositive element (Sn2+), and is arranged in a layered structure. Tin(II) selenide is a narrow band-gap (IV-VI) semiconductor structurally analogous to black phosphorus. It has received considerable interest for applications including low-cost photovoltaics, and memory-switching devices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ctirad Uher</span>

Professor Ctirad Uher is the C. Wilbur Peters Collegiate Professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Born in Prague, Czech Republic, he graduated from the University of New South Wales, Australia in 1972 and earned his Ph.D. from there in 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thermoelectric generator</span> Device that converts heat flux into electrical energy

A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a Seebeck generator, is a solid state device that converts heat flux directly into electrical energy through a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. Thermoelectric generators function like heat engines, but are less bulky and have no moving parts. However, TEGs are typically more expensive and less efficient.

Spin engineering describes the control and manipulation of quantum spin systems to develop devices and materials. This includes the use of the spin degrees of freedom as a probe for spin based phenomena. Because of the basic importance of quantum spin for physical and chemical processes, spin engineering is relevant for a wide range of scientific and technological applications. Current examples range from Bose–Einstein condensation to spin-based data storage and reading in state-of-the-art hard disk drives, as well as from powerful analytical tools like nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to the development of magnetic molecules as qubits and magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, spin engineering exploits the functionality of spin to design materials with novel properties as well as to provide a better understanding and advanced applications of conventional material systems. Many chemical reactions are devised to create bulk materials or single molecules with well defined spin properties, such as a single-molecule magnet. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of fields of research and development where the focus is on the properties and applications of quantum spin.

Henning Sirringhaus is Hitachi Professor of Electron Device Physics, Head of the Microelectronics Group and a member of the Optoelectronics Group at the Cavendish Laboratory. He is also a Fellow of Churchill College at the University of Cambridge.

Lead tin telluride, also referred to as PbSnTe or Pb1−xSnxTe, is a ternary alloy of lead, tin and tellurium, generally made by alloying either tin into lead telluride or lead into tin telluride. It is a IV-VI narrow band gap semiconductor material.

Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (Bi1−xSbx) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yurii G. Naidyuk</span> Ukrainian physicist

Yurii Georgiyovych Naidyuk is a Ukrainian physicist, Director of the B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He is a corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). He has been awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology and the B. I. Verkin Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He is the editor-in-chief of the academic journal Low Temperature Physics.

References

  1. ↑ CV in Ohio State
  2. ↑ "Thermal Materials Laboratory". Columbus, Ohio: osu.edu.
  3. ↑ Heremans, Joseph P.; Thrush, Christopher M.; Morelli, Donald T.; Wu, Ming-Cheng (7 May 2002). "Thermoelectric Power of Bismuth Nanocomposites". Physical Review Letters. 88 (21): 216801. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88u6801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.216801. PMID   12059489.
  4. ↑ Heremans, Joseph P.; Jovovic, Vladimir; Toberer, Eric S.; Saramat, Ali; Kurosaki, Ken; Charoenphakdee, Anek; Yamanaka, Shinsuke; Snyder, G. Jeffrey (28 Jul 2008). "Enhancement of Thermoelectric Efficiency in PbTe by Distortion of the Electronic Density of States". Science. 321 (5888): 554–557. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..554H. doi:10.1126/science.1159725. PMID   18653890. S2CID   10313813.
  5. ↑ Jaworski, C. M.; Yang, J.; Mack, S.; Awschalom, D. D.; Heremans, J. P.; Myers, R. C. (26 Sep 2010). "Observation of the spin-Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor". Natural Materials. 9 (11): 898–903. arXiv: 1007.1364 . Bibcode:2010NatMa...9..898J. doi:10.1038/nmat2860. PMID   20871608. S2CID   205404770.
  6. ↑ Boona, Stephen R.; Myers, Roberto C.; Heremans, Joseph P. (10 Jan 2014). "Spin caloritronics". Energy & Environmental Science. 7 (3): 885–910. doi:10.1039/C3EE43299H.
  7. ↑ Jaworski, C.M.; Myers, R.C.; Johnston-Halperin, E.; Heremans, Joseph P. (12 Jul 2012). "Giant spin Seebeck effect in a non-magnetic material". Nature. 487 (7406): 210–213. Bibcode:2012Natur.487..210J. doi:10.1038/nature11221. PMID   22785317. S2CID   4358722.
  8. ↑ Jin, Hyungyu; Restrepo, Oscar D.; Antolin, Nikolas; Boona, Stephen R.; Windl, Wolfgang; Myers, Roberto C.; Heremans, Joseph P. (23 Mar 2015). "Phonon-induced diamagnetic force and its effect on the lattice thermal conductivity". Natural Materials. 14 (6): 601–606. Bibcode:2015NatMa..14..601J. doi:10.1038/nmat4247. PMID   25799325.
  9. ↑ Heremans, Joseph P.; Cava, Robert J.; Samarth, Nitin (5 Sep 2017). "Tetradymites as thermoelectrics and topological insulators". Nature Reviews Materials. 2 (10): 17049. Bibcode:2017NatRM...217049H. doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2017.49.
  10. ↑ He, B.; Wang, Y.; Arguilla, M. Q.; Cultrara, N. D.; Scudder, M. R.; Goldberger, J. E.; Windl, W.; Heremans, J. P. (2019). "The Fermi Surface Geometrical Origin of Axis-Dependent Conduction Polarity in Layered Materials". Natural Materials. 18 (6): 568–572. Bibcode:2019NatMa..18..568H. doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0309-4. PMID   30886402. S2CID   83463024.
  11. ↑ "Citation Number". Web of Science Core Collection. Retrieved 12 Mar 2018.
  12. ↑ Böer, Karl W. (2002). Survey of Semiconductor Physics. Wiley-Interscience.
  13. ↑ Jonker, Berend T.; Heremans, Joseph P. (1989). Growth, Characterization and Properties of Ultrathin Magnetic Films and Multilayers (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings). Materials Research Society. ISBN   978-1558990241.
  14. ↑ "Joseph Pierre Heremans". APS Fellow Archive. American Physical Society . Retrieved 14 Dec 2018.
  15. ↑ "Heremans, Joseph P." AAAS Fellow Archive. American Association for the Advancement of Science . Retrieved 14 Dec 2018.
  16. ↑ "Heremans, Joseph P." National Academy of Engineering . Retrieved 15 Dec 2018.
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