Narrow-gap semiconductor

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Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.7 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron. A more extended definition includes all semiconductors with bandgaps smaller than silicon (1.1 eV). [1] [2] Modern terahertz, [3] infrared, [4] and thermographic [5] technologies are all based on this class of semiconductors.

Contents

Narrow-gap materials made it possible to realize satellite remote sensing, [6] photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications, [7] [8] [9] and unmanned vehicle Li-Fi systems, [10] in the regime of Infrared detector and thermography. [11] [12] They are also the materials basis for terahertz technology, including security surveillance of concealed weapon uncovering, [13] [14] [15] safe medical and industrial imaging with terahertz tomography, [16] [17] [18] as well as dielectric wakefield accelerators. [19] [20] [21] Besides, thermophotovoltaics embedded with narrow-gap semiconductors can potentially use the traditionally wasted portion of solar energy that takes up ~49% of the sun light spectrum. [22] [23] Spacecraft, deep ocean instruments, and vacuum physics setups use narrow-gap semiconductors to achieve cryogenic cooling. [24] [25]

List of narrow-gap semiconductors

Name Chemical formula Groups Band gap (300 K)
Mercury cadmium telluride Hg1−xCdxTeII-VI0 to 1.5 eV
Mercury zinc telluride Hg1−xZnxTeII-VI0.15 to 2.25 eV
Lead selenide PbSeIV-VI0.27 eV
Lead(II) sulfide PbSIV-VI0.37 eV
Tellurium TeVI~0.3 eV
Lead telluride PbTeIV-VI0.32 eV
Magnetite Fe3O4Transition Metal-VI0.14 eV
Indium arsenide InAsIII-V0.354 eV
Indium antimonide InSbIII-V0.17 eV
Germanium GeIV0.67 eV
Gallium antimonide GaSbIII-V0.67 eV
Cadmium arsenide Cd3As2II-V0.5 to 0.6 eV
Bismuth telluride Bi2Te30.21 eV
Tin telluride SnTeIV-VI0.18 eV
Tin selenide SnSeIV-VI0.9 eV
Silver(I) selenide Ag2Se0.07 eV
Magnesium silicide Mg2SiII-IV0.79 eV [26]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Li, Xiao-Hui (2022). "Narrow-Bandgap Materials for Optoelectronics Applications" . Frontiers of Physics. 17 (1): 13304. Bibcode:2022FrPhy..1713304L. doi:10.1007/s11467-021-1055-z. S2CID   237652629.
  2. ↑ Chu, Junhao; Sher, Arden (2008). Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74801-6. ISBN   978-0-387-74743-9.
  3. ↑ Jones, Graham A.; Layer, David H.; Osenkowsky, Thomas G. (2007). National Association of Broadcasters Engineering Handbook. Taylor and Francis. p. 7. ISBN   978-1-136-03410-7.
  4. ↑ Avraham, M.; Nemirovsky, J.; Blank, T.; Golan, G.; Nemirovsky, Y. (2022). "Toward an Accurate IR Remote Sensing of Body Temperature Radiometer Based on a Novel IR Sensing System Dubbed Digital TMOS". Micromachines. 13 (5): 703. doi: 10.3390/mi13050703 . PMC   9145132 . PMID   35630174.
  5. ↑ Hapke B (19 January 2012). Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press. p. 416. ISBN   978-0-521-88349-8.
  6. ↑ Lovett, D. R. Semimetals and narrow-bandgap semiconductors; Pion Limited: London, 1977; Chapter 7.
  7. ↑ Inside Telecom Staff (30 July 2022). "How Can Photonic Chips Help to Create a Sustainable Digital Infrastructure?". Inside Telecom. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  8. ↑ Awad, Ehab (October 2018). "Bidirectional Mode Slicing and Re-Combining for Mode Conversion in Planar Waveguides". IEEE Access. 6 (1): 55937. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873278 . S2CID   53043619.
  9. ↑ Vergyris, Panagiotis (16 June 2022). "Integrated photonics for quantum applications". Laser Focus World. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  10. ↑ "Comprehensive Summary of Modulation Techniques for LiFi | LiFi Research". www.lifi.eng.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-16.
  11. ↑ "The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC)". Spitzer Space Telescope. NASA /JPL /Caltech. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  12. ↑ Szondy, David (28 August 2016). "Spitzer goes "Beyond" for final mission". New Atlas. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  13. ↑ "Space in Images – 2002–06 – Meeting the team".
  14. ↑ "Space camera blazes new terahertz trails". Times Higher Education (THE). 2003-02-12. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  15. ↑ Winner of the 2003/04 Research Councils' Business Plan Competition – 24 February 2004. epsrc.ac.uk. 27 February 2004
  16. ↑ Guillet, J. P.; Recur, B.; Frederique, L.; Bousquet, B.; Canioni, L.; Manek-Hönninger, I.; Desbarats, P.; Mounaix, P. (2014). "Review of Terahertz Tomography Techniques". Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. 35 (4): 382–411. Bibcode:2014JIMTW..35..382G. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.480.4173 . doi:10.1007/s10762-014-0057-0. S2CID   120535020.
  17. ↑ Mittleman, Daniel M.; Hunsche, Stefan; Boivin, Luc; Nuss, Martin C. (1997). "T-ray tomography" . Optics Letters. 22 (12): 904–906. Bibcode:1997OptL...22..904M. doi:10.1364/OL.22.000904. ISSN   1539-4794. PMID   18185701.
  18. ↑ Katayama, I.; Akai, R.; Bito, M.; Shimosato, H.; Miyamoto, K.; Ito, H.; Ashida, M. (2010). "Ultrabroadband terahertz generation using 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4′-N′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate single crystals" . Applied Physics Letters. 97 (2): 021105. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97b1105K. doi:10.1063/1.3463452. ISSN   0003-6951.
  19. ↑ Dolgashev, Valery; Tantawi, Sami; Higashi, Yasuo; Spataro, Bruno (2010-10-25). "Geometric dependence of radio-frequency breakdown in normal conducting accelerating structures". Applied Physics Letters. 97 (17): 171501. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97q1501D. doi:10.1063/1.3505339.
  20. ↑ Nanni, Emilio A.; Huang, Wenqian R.; Hong, Kyung-Han; Ravi, Koustuban; Fallahi, Arya; Moriena, Gustavo; Dwayne Miller, R. J.; Kärtner, Franz X. (2015-10-06). "Terahertz-driven linear electron acceleration". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 8486. arXiv: 1411.4709 . Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8486N. doi:10.1038/ncomms9486. PMC   4600735 . PMID   26439410.
  21. ↑ Jing, Chunguang (2016). "Dielectric Wakefield Accelerators". Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology. 09 (6): 127–149. Bibcode:2016RvAST...9..127J. doi:10.1142/s1793626816300061.
  22. ↑ Poortmans, Jef. "IMEC website: Photovoltaic Stacks". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
  23. ↑ "A new heat engine with no moving parts is as efficient as a steam turbine". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  24. ↑ Radebaugh, Ray (2009-03-31). "Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments" . Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 21 (16): 164219. Bibcode:2009JPCM...21p4219R. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164219. ISSN   0953-8984. PMID   21825399. S2CID   22695540.
  25. ↑ Cooper, Bernard E; Hadfield, Robert H (2022-06-28). "Viewpoint: Compact cryogenics for superconducting photon detectors". Superconductor Science and Technology. 35 (8): 080501. Bibcode:2022SuScT..35h0501C. doi: 10.1088/1361-6668/ac76e9 . ISSN   0953-2048. S2CID   249534834.
  26. ↑ Nelson, James T. (1955). "Chicago Section: 1. Electrical and optical properties of MgPSn and Mg2Si". American Journal of Physics. 23 (6). American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT): 390. doi:10.1119/1.1934018. ISSN   0002-9505.

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