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Walter de Coutances was a medieval Anglo-Norman bishop of Lincoln and archbishop of Rouen. He began his royal service in the government of Henry II, serving as a vice-chancellor. He also accumulated a number of ecclesiastical offices, becoming successively canon of Rouen Cathedral, treasurer of Rouen, and archdeacon of Oxford. King Henry sent him on a number of diplomatic missions and finally rewarded him with the bishopric of Lincoln in 1183. He did not remain there long, for he was translated to Rouen in late 1184.
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Anglo-Saxon riddles are a significant genre of Anglo-Saxon literature. The riddle was a major, prestigious literary form in early medieval England, and riddles were written both in Latin and Old English verse. The pre-eminent composer of Latin riddles in early medieval England was Aldhelm, while the Old English verse riddles found in the tenth-century Exeter Book include some of the most famous Old English poems.
Josce de Dinan was an Anglo-Norman nobleman who lived during and after the civil war between King Stephen of England and his cousin Matilda over the throne of England. He was a landholder in the Welsh Marches when he was married by Stephen to the widow of Pain fitzJohn, a union that gave Josce control of Ludlow Castle. Control of the castle was contested by other noblemen, and the resulting warfare between the nobles forms the background to a late medieval romance known as Fouke le Fitz Waryn, which is mainly concerned with the actions of Josce's grandson, but also includes some material on Josce's lifetime. Josce eventually lost control of Ludlow and was granted lands in compensation by Matilda and her son, King Henry II of England, who succeeded Stephen in 1154.
The Angevin kings of England were Henry II and his sons, Richard I and John, who ruled England from 1154 to 1216. They were related to the Norman kings of England through Matilda, the daughter of Henry I and mother of Henry II. They were also related to the earlier Anglo-Saxon kings of England through Matilda's great-great-great grandfather, Aethelred the Unready. Their descendants, the Plantagenets, continued to rule England until 1485; some historians make no distinction between the Angevins and the Plantagenets, while others consider John's son Henry III to be the first Plantagenet king.
References
- D'Angelo, Edoardo (1993). "The Outer Metric in Joseph of Exeter's Ylias and Odo of Magdeburg's Ernestus". The Journal of Medieval Latin. 3: 113–134. doi:10.1484/J.JML.2.303993.
- Mortimer, Richard (1994). Angevin England, 1154-1258 . A history of medieval Britain. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631163886.
- Raby, F.J.E (1957). A history of secular Latin poetry in the Middle Ages (2 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 132–37.
- Rigg, A.G. (2008). "Joseph of Exeter: Iliad". Centre for Medieval Studies. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Joseph of Exeter". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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