The Joslyn Art Museum is a fine arts museum in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It opened in 1931 at the initiative of Sarah H. Joslyn, in memory of her husband, businessman George A. Joslyn.[1][2][3] Since its opening there have been multiple building expansions to house the museum's growing collection.[4][5][2] It is the only museum in Nebraska with a comprehensive permanent collection.[2] Some of the main works in the museum are part of the nineteenth and twentieth-century collections of American and European artists.[3][6]
Originally from Vermont, George and Sarah Joslyn moved to Des Moines, Iowa in 1879 for George's new printing job at the Iowa Printing Company, which involved manual labor.[5][7][1] In 1880, they went to Omaha, where George was to manage his own printing branch of the company.[1][8] He then founded his own company, called the Western Newspaper Union, which soon became the largest supplier of "ready print" newspapers and provided news for 12,000 people within the United States. This is the period during which he gained most of his wealth.[8][3][1] George was known as a philanthropist, but he was also considered a hard man of business in the Omaha community, and also considered an entrepreneurer.[8]
As a couple, George and Sarah Joslyn were known to be great lovers of the arts, especially music.[7][3] When George died in 1916 (as the richest man in Nebraska),[8] Sarah decided she wanted a memorial building dedicated to his life and accomplishments, which would reflect their love for the arts.[3] It would also serve as a gift to the people of Omaha and a way for the Joslyns to give back to the city that had given them so much.[6][2] Sarah Joslyn founded and funded the nonprofit Society of Liberal Arts to find a permanent home for art collections in Omaha.[3] When the Society of Liberal Arts was created, her intended purpose for it was to create and operate the Joslyn Memorial building; it would officially become the Joslyn Art Museum in 1987.[2][3][5]
In 1940, Sarah Joslyn passed away and gave control of the Society of Liberal Arts to the trustees.[1][3] The endowment she left to help maintain the museum was then also used to acquire new art and expand the museum's collection.[2][6]
Building history
Kiewit started construction on the Joslyn Memorial building in 1928,[9] but plans for the building started to come together much earlier, in 1920.[7] Since the Joslyns were particularly fond of music, the building was initially designed as a concert hall. Art galleries were added at the suggestion of various arts groups throughout Omaha.[5][6]
The Memorial occupies a large and impressive art deco building designed by John McDonald (architect) and Alan McDonald (architect).[7][5][2][3] John McDonald was a close friend to the Joslyns; before designing the Memorial, he designed their Scottish castle-like home, commonly known as the Joslyn Castle, along with several other public and residential buildings throughout Omaha.[5][1][10][7] The impressive art deco facade of the building drew inspiration from Egyptian temples, art moderne motifs, and the Nebraska capitol building in Lincoln.[7][10] The Memorial building is constructed of Georgia pink marble, with 38 different marbles from all over the world and stone from across Europe and Africa in the interior.[2][3]
The decorative panels on the exterior were designed by sculptor John David Brcin, and refer to the peoples of the plains—both the original Native American inhabitants and the later European explorers and settlers.[5][2] There are eight decorative panels in total around the outside of the building: Dissemination of Intelligence (front right), The Pioneer Press (front left), The Homesteaders (north), Civic Builders (south), Indian Signal Fire (north), Indian Prayer for Life (south), Indian Picture Writing (back north), and Indian Sign Language (back south).[5] The inscriptions carved on the building were written by Hartley Burr Alexander.[2] Sarah gave $2.6 million for the construction of the Memorial building, and an endowment for its continued maintenance.[10]
The Joslyn Memorial building opened in 1931 and consisted of various art galleries, a concert hall, a lecture hall, an art library, classrooms, and an atrium with a fountain.[2][3] In 1938, the Memorial was listed as one of the one hundred finest buildings in the United States.[2]
Several decades after the Memorial building opened to the public, it was running out of space for staff and the growing collection.[5]Eugene Kingman, the director of the Joslyn during the 1960s, wanted the Joslyn to be the "Smithsonian of Omaha," a place where science and the arts could come together.[5] With this idea in mind, he wanted to expand the Memorial and construct additional buildings, which would include a science museum and a planetarium.[5] Lack of funds for the project and Kingman's departure in 1969 put an end to this plan.[5] However, Kingman saved quite a bit of historical material as part of his vision for the Memorial, which was later donated to historical museums around Omaha.[5] After his departure, the Joslyn Memorial returned to a strong focus on the arts.[5]
Even though there was still no expansion of the memorial building, in 1987 the Joslyn Memorial participated in a land exchange with Omaha Central High School.[5] Through this exchange the Joslyn acquired land to the east of the memorial building to add a sculpture garden and expand parking, while the high school gained land to the northeast where a new football stadium was constructed.[5]
The museum's glass atrium (the west view) contains a café and gift shop. Dale Chihuly's Chihuly: Inside and Out is seen at the far end.
In 1994, the first addition to the Joslyn Art Museum was finally built. Designed by Lord Norman Foster, and included the Scott Pavilion.[4] HDR Inc. and the Kiewit construction company worked together to build this addition.[5] The exterior of the 1994 addition used pink Georgian marble from the same quarry as the original Memorial building, to make the addition look like a part of the original structure.[10][7][5] A development campaign for the Joslyn Museum and the Western Heritage Museum (Durham Museum) ensured that there was plenty of money to construct this long-awaited addition to the museum.[5] The $15.95 million budget included modern art acquisitions, visiting show galleries, a cafe, a kitchen, offices, storage space, a security control center, classroom space, and a beautiful glass atrium that connects the new addition to the Memorial building.[2][5] Aside from the 1994 addition, sections of the memorial building were updated as part of the project, such as the restrooms, concert hall, and lecture hall.[5]
In 2008, construction began on the Joslyn Museum Sculpture Gardens, which would better utilize the space received in the 1987 land exchange.[2][5][11] The gardens opened in the summer of 2009, featuring work from local and national artists as well as a reflecting pool and waterfall.[12][2] Shortly after its opening, the garden hosted the 24th annual Jazz on the Green festival; it continued to host that event until 2010, when Omaha Performing Arts began producing it. It was then moved it to the Midtown Crossing at Turner Park.[13]
Announced in 2018, the next addition to the Joslyn Art Museum will be the Rhonda and Howard Hawks Pavilion, named after the philanthropists who created the Hawks Foundation.[4] The museum closed for construction of the new addition in the spring of 2022 and plans to reopen in 2024.[11][4] This new space will create an extra forty-two thousand square feet for the museum, which will include gallery spaces, classrooms, a new gift shop, and multi-purpose community spaces.[4][11] The architecture firm Snøhetta (company) and local architecture company Alley Poyner Macchietto Architecture worked together to design the new addition.[14][4] As with the original Memorial building and the 1994 addition, Kiewit Building Group will serve as the contractor for the project.[4] Along with the new building space, the gardens and outdoor spaces surrounding the museum will be revamped, and old offices in the original building will be restored.[14] The exterior of the Rhonda and Howard Hawks Pavilion resembles a cloud, reflecting the original theme of the Great Plains.[14] To tie the addition in with the rest of the museum exterior, there will be small flecks of pink, noticeable from the outside of the pavilion.[14][2] The addition will also create a new entrance to the museum, allowing visitors to access the rest of the museum through the Pavilion.[4]
Admissions
At its opening in 1931, the Memorial was to be an admission-free facility.[15][16] Free admission continued until 1965, when an entry fee of 25 cents per person was instituted.[15][16] As time went on the price of admission continued to rise; in 1987, it was two dollars for adults, while children and seniors paid one dollar. [16] In 2010, admission went up to eight dollars per adult. In 2013, however, the museum moved back to its original vision of free admission.[16][2] This change was made possible through a three-year grant from the Sherwood Foundation Grant; the Foundation believed that the Joslyn would be able to make up the funds from paid admissions in other ways once the grant concluded, as admission fees only represented 2–4% of the museum's overall revenue.[16][17] As of the museum's temporary closure for renovations and expansion in 2022, admission remained free.[2][17]
Collections
When the Joslyn Memorial first opened, there was a need for art to fill the galleries.[3] The Art Institute of Omaha and the Friends of Art donated paintings, local business owner Charles Nelson Dietz donated a personal collection in 1934, and the Jessie Barton Christianity Bequest donated works from the collection of Guy Barton.[3][2] These were some of the first groups and people to donate collections to the Joslyn. After Sarah's death, Paul Grummann, who was the director from 1931–1947, and Harold Parsons purchased European art for the Memorial.[3] When Eugene Kingman took over as director in 1947, he expanded the Greek vase collection as well as art and artifacts from Indigenous cultures.[3] In 1986 the Karl Bodmer collection, initially on loan to the museum, was donated and became part of the permanent collection.[3] In recent years, the Joslyn has continued to expand its collections, particularly the contemporary and modern, with the acquisition of the Phillip G. Schrager collection, which will be housed in the Hawks Pavilion.[4][2]
Permanent collections at the Joslyn Art Museum:[2]
From the balcony at the east end of the atrium, one can see another Chihuly work, Glowing Gemstone Polyvitro Chandelier, hanging above the café.Ancient: A collection of Greekpottery and various statues of Greek, Roman and Egyptian origin.[2]
Native American: Both traditional works and art done under the influence of, or in reaction against, European conventions and training.[18][2]
Art of the American West: Collections of work by the Swiss artist Karl Bodmer, based on his 1832–34 journey to the Missouri River frontier, and by Alfred Jacob Miller, illustrating the West in the 1830s.[3][2]
Latin American: Prominent works in this collection include paintings of saint figures and pottery from Felix Ortiz.[2]
These are just a few of the temporary exhibitions that were displayed at the Joslyn Art Museum after it was safe to reopen due to the COVID-19 pandemic and before construction started on the Rhonda and Howard Hawks Pavilion.[2]
Gallery
The Walter & Suzanne Scott Pavilion
During construction of the sculpture garden; summer 2008.
Jazz on the Green, summer 2009.
See also
Joslyn Castle, the place where the Joslyn family lived.
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