Related Research Articles
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that develops from experiencing a traumatic event,such as sexual assault,warfare,traffic collisions,child abuse,domestic violence,or other threats on a person's life or well-being. Symptoms may include disturbing thoughts,feelings,or dreams related to the events,mental or physical distress to trauma-related cues,attempts to avoid trauma-related cues,alterations in the way a person thinks and feels,and an increase in the fight-or-flight response. These symptoms last for more than a month after the event. Young children are less likely to show distress,but instead may express their memories through play. A person with PTSD is at a higher risk of suicide and intentional self-harm.
Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person or animal by way of bodily contact. In most cases,children are the victims of physical abuse,but adults can also be victims,as in cases of domestic violence or workplace aggression. Alternative terms sometimes used include physical assault or physical violence,and may also include sexual abuse. Physical abuse may involve more than one abuser,and more than one victim.
Psychological trauma is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events that are outside the normal range of human experiences. It must be understood by the affected person as directly threatening the affected person or their loved ones with death,severe bodily injury,or sexual violence;indirect exposure,such as from watching television news,may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and possibly overwhelming physiological stress response,but does not produce trauma per se. Examples include violence,rape,or a terrorist attack.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that is controversial within the psychological community. It was devised by Francine Shapiro in 1987 and originally designed to alleviate the distress associated with traumatic memories such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder is a stress-related mental disorder generally occurring in response to complex traumas,i.e.,commonly prolonged or repetitive exposures to a series of traumatic events,within which individuals perceive little or no chance to escape.
Childhood trauma is often described as serious adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Children may go through a range of experiences that classify as psychological trauma;these might include neglect,abandonment,sexual abuse,emotional abuse,and physical abuse,witnessing abuse of a sibling or parent,or having a mentally ill parent. These events have profound psychological,physiological,and sociological impacts and can have negative,lasting effects on health and well-being such as unsocial behaviors,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and sleep disturbances. Similarly,children whose mothers have experienced traumatic or stressful events during pregnancy have an increased risk of mental health disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Infant mental health is the study of mental health as it applies to infants,toddlers,and their families. The field investigates optimal social and emotional development of infants and their families in the first three years of life. Cognitive development,and the development of motor skills may also be considered part of the infant mental health picture. While the interest in the mental life of infants in the context of their early relationships can be traced back to the work of Anna Freud,John Bowlby,and Donald Winnicott in Great Britain,infant mental health as a movement of public health policy,empirical research,and change in clinical practice paralleled both that of the women's movement and of increased awareness of the prevalence and consequences of child abuse and neglect during the 1960s and 1970s. The vast literature that has emerged since the field's origins has been reviewed in several key texts. Basic principles of infant mental health evaluation and treatment involve consideration of at least three patients:parent(s),child,and their relationship,while keeping in mind the rapid and formative development of the brain and mind in the first years of life.
Daniel S. Schechter is an American and Swiss psychiatrist known for his clinical work and research on intergenerational transmission or "communication" of violent trauma and related psychopathology involving parents and very young children. His published work in this area following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York of September 11,2001 led to a co-edited book entitled "September 11:Trauma and Human Bonds" (2003) and additional original articles with clinical psychologist Susan Coates that were translated into multiple languages and remain among the first accounts of 9/11 related loss and trauma described by mental health professionals who also experienced the attacks and their aftermath Schechter observed that separation anxiety among infants and young children who had either lost or feared loss of their caregivers triggered posttraumatic stress symptoms in the surviving caregivers. These observations validated his prior work on the adverse impact of family violence on the early parent-child relationship,formative social-emotional development and related attachment disturbances involving mutual dysregulation of emotion and arousal. This body of work on trauma and attachment has been cited by prominent authors in the attachment theory,psychological trauma,developmental psychobiology and neuroscience literatures
David Allen Wolfe is an academic,psychologist and author specializing in issues of child abuse,domestic violence,children and youth. His work includes the promotion of healthy relationships through school programs,with a major focus on the prevention of child abuse and neglect,bullying,dating violence,unsafe sex,substance abuse and other consequences of unhealthy relationships.
The Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood-Revised is a developmentally based diagnostic manual that provides clinical criteria for categorizing mental health and developmental disorders in infants and toddlers. It is organized into a five-part axis system. The book has been translated into several languages,and its model is utilized for the assessment of children up to five years of age.
Nadine J. Kaslow is an American psychologist,the 2014 president of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the editor of the Journal of Family Psychology. Before her current affiliation with Emory University,Kaslow worked at Yale University. She was recipient of the 2004 American Psychological Association award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology.
Tina Malti is a Canadian-German child psychologist of Palestinian descent. She currently holds an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship for Early Child Development and Health as the first child psychologist and female psychologist in the award's history. She directs the Alexander von Humboldt Research Group for Child Development as research chair at Leipzig University. She is also a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and founding director of the Centre for Child Development,Mental Health,and Policy at the University of Toronto.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional,physical,or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. The categories are verbal abuse,physical abuse,contact sexual abuse,a battered mother,household substance abuse,household mental illness,incarcerated household members,and parental separation or divorce. The experiences chosen were based upon prior research that has shown to them to have significant negative health or social implications,and for which substantial efforts are being made in the public and private sector to reduce their frequency of occurrence. Scientific evidence is mounting that such adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound long-term effect on health. Research shows that exposure to abuse and to serious forms of family dysfunction in the childhood family environment are likely to activate the stress response,thus potentially disrupting the developing nervous,immune,and metabolic systems of children. ACEs are associated with lifelong physical and mental health problems that emerge in adolescence and persist into adulthood,including cardiovascular disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,autoimmune diseases,substance abuse,and depression.
Lisa A. Goodman is an American counseling psychologist known for her research on domestic violence and violence against women. She is Professor of Counseling Psychology at the Lynch School of Education at Boston College. Goodman is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association,Division of Counseling Psychology.
Karen Jill Saywitz was an American psychologist,author,and educator. She worked as a developmental and clinical psychologist and professor at the UCLA School of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Development. For more than 20 years Saywitz taught child development and was director of several mental health programs for families. She also developed "non-leading" techniques for interviewing child witnesses and victims,based on cognitive and developmental psychology principles. She died of cancer in 2018.
Della Marie Hann is an American psychologist and research administrator serving as the associate director for extramural research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Apryl A. Alexander is an American clinical and forensic psychologist who is an associate professor at the University of Denver. Alexander directs students at the Denver Forensic Institute for Research,Service and Training,and engages in clinical psychology practice. She is co-founder of the University of Denver's Prison Arts Initiative where incarcerated individuals engage in a therapeutic,educational arts curricula.
Jessica Henderson Daniel is a psychologist and educator,known for her work on mental health in the Black community,racial trauma,and the effects of stress and violence on Black children and adolescents. Daniel was the first African American woman to lead the American Psychological Association (APA),serving her term as President of the organization in 2018.
Jodi Anne Quas is an applied developmental psychologist who is known for her work on how maltreatment and abuse affect memory development and children's ability to give eyewitness testimony after experiencing trauma. She holds the position of Professor of Psychological Science and Nursing Science at the University of California,Irvine School of Social Ecology.
Howard Joseph Osofsky is an American gynecologist,obstetrician,and psychiatrist.
References
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 "LSUHSC'S PSYCHIATRY DEPARTMENT RECOGNIZED FOR POST-KATRINA WORK IN SCHOOLS". LSUHSC.
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- ↑ Osofsky, J. D.; Stepka, P. T.; King, L. S. (2017). Treating infants and young children impacted by trauma: Interventions that promote healthy development. American Psychological Association.
- ↑ "Osofsky, Joy, Ph.D. – State Archives – Kansas Historical Society". www.kshs.org. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
- ↑ "Louisiana Board of Examiners of Psychologists". www.lsbepportal.com. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
- ↑ Street, ZERO TO THREE 1255 23rd; Washington, NW Suite 350; Dc 20037638-1144899-4301. "Joy D. Osofsky". ZERO TO THREE. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Young Leadership Council All Role Models" (PDF). ylcnola.
- ↑ Stevens, Sydney. "Joy Osofsky". ZERO TO THREE. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ↑ "Nicholas Hobbs Award". APA Divisions. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ↑ "ISTSS – Past Sarah Haley Memorial Award Winners". istss.org. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ↑ "Honorary Presidents". World Association for Infant Mental Health.
- ↑ "ZERO TO THREE Announces the Appointment of Two New Board Members". ZERO TO THREE. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- 1 2 Osofsky, Joy D. (1997), "The effects of exposure to violence on young children (1995).", The evolution of psychology: Fifty years of the American Psychologist., Washington: American Psychological Association, pp. 725–740, doi:10.1037/10254-050, ISBN 1-55798-473-5 , retrieved October 18, 2022
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- ↑ Osofsky, Joy D.; Wewers, Sarah; Hann, Della M.; Fick, Ana C. (February 1, 1993). "Chronic Community Violence: What Is Happening to Our Children?". Psychiatry. 56 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1080/00332747.1993.11024619. ISSN 0033-2747. PMID 8488211.
- ↑ Osofsky, Joy D. (September 1, 2003). "Prevalence of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Implications for Prevention and Intervention". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 6 (3): 161–170. doi:10.1023/A:1024958332093. ISSN 1573-2827. PMID 14620577. S2CID 24436147.
- ↑ Osofsky, Joy D.; Lieberman, Alicia F. (2011). "A call for integrating a mental health perspective into systems of care for abused and neglected infants and young children". American Psychologist. 66 (2): 120–128. doi:10.1037/a0021630. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 21142335.
