In popular culture of Bangladesh, July 36 (or 36 July) is a non-existent date that refers to 5 August 2024, when the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country amidst a mass uprising. [1] [2] [3]
In popular culture of Bangladesh, July 36 (or 36 July) is a non-existent date that refers to 5 August 2024, when the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country amidst a mass uprising. [1] [2] [3]
On 5 June 2024, the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court reinstated the quota system in government jobs, and the quota reform movement began in Bangladesh. The movement turned deadly on 16 July. On 21 July, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court overturned the High Court verdict and ruled in favor of quota reform, but the movement continued with nine-point demands calling the mass killing in the movement, what protesters called July massacre. Protesters said they were "counting down the month of July until the demands are met", thus they counted 1 August as "32 July". [4] [5] The Anti-discrimination Students Movement, which led the movement, called for the non-cooperation movement from 4 August (35 July) and announced their Long March to Dhaka programme on 5 August (36 July). On that day, Sheikh Hasina resigned in the face of a mass uprising and fled to India. The success of the movement was termed by the agitators as "Second Independence" or "Rebirth Day" [6] [7] and the day as "36 July". [1] [8]
Renowned personalities like Mostofa Sarwar Farooki, Akbar Ali and others spoke using the term 36 July. [9] [4] 36 July was depicted in different ways on the countrywide murals and graffitis made by the students, [10] [11] [3] including a calendar of July month comprising 36 days at Jigatola, Dhaka. [12]
Sheikh Hasina is a Bangladeshi politician who served as the tenth prime minister of Bangladesh from June 1996 to July 2001 and again from January 2009 to August 2024. She is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of Bangladesh. She served in the position of prime minister for over 20 years, making her the longest-serving prime minister in history of Bangladesh. Thus, she became the world's longest-serving female head of government. Her authoritarian regime ended in self-imposed exile following an uprising in 2024.
Matia Chowdhury was a Awami League leader and one of the key perpetrators of the July massacre orchestrated and executed by Sheikh Hasina's toppled regime. She died while awaiting trial for crimes against humanity due to her active involvement in the violent suppression of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement during the Student–People's uprising.
Bangladesh Chhatra League, formerly known as the East Pakistan Chhatra League, simply called the Chhatra League, is the student wing of the political party, Bangladesh Awami League, founded by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 4 January 1948. The organisation is banned and designated as a terrorist organisation in Bangladesh.
Hasan Mahmud is a politician from Bangladesh Awami League. He is a former minister of foreign affairs for the fifth Hasina ministry, and a former member of parliament from Chittagong-7. In 2019, he was appointed as the minister of information and broadcasting for the fourth Hasina ministry. Mahmud is accused of being one of the perpetrators of the July massacre. He is currently wanted by Bangladesh Police for his alleged involvement in crimes against humanity during the Student–People's uprising of 2024.
Gaan Bangla, also known by the acronym GB, is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language music television channel owned by One More Zero Group, through Birds Eye Mass Media and Communication. Launched on 16 December 2013, it is Bangladesh's second music-oriented television channel. After Channel 16's closure, Gaan Bangla became the country's sole music channel. The channel is based in Baridhara, Dhaka.
Anisul Huq is a Bangladeshi politician for the Awami League party and a lawyer. He served as the Minister for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs from 2014 till 2024.
The following is a list of scheduled and expected events for the year 2024 in Bangladesh. 2024 (MMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2024th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 24th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 5th year of the 2020s decade.
The 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a series of anti-government and pro-democracy protests in Bangladesh, spearheaded primarily by university students. Initially focused on restructuring quota-based systems for government job recruitment, the movement expanded against what many perceived as an authoritarian government when they carried out the July massacre of protestors and civilians, most of whom were students. Started as a student movement, the movement later escalated into a fully-fledged mass uprising known as the Student–People's uprising.
The quota reform movement in Bangladesh was organized to demand a reduction in government job quotas and shift toward merit-based recruitment. There were three significant protests. The first occurred in 2013, when university students opposed the disproportionate allocation of jobs through quotas. In 2018, a second wave of protests led to a government circular favoring the protesters, but it was later invalidated by the Supreme Court. This sparked a third wave of protests in 2024, during which violent clashes between students, the police, and Chhatra League occurred, contributing to the movement turning into a non-cooperation campaign leading to the fall of the Hasina government.
The July massacre was the violent suppression and mass killings in Bangladesh during the July Revolution from July 16 to August 5, 2024. Triggered by the reinstatement of a controversial quota system and widespread public dissatisfaction, the crackdown was carried out by the government led by the Awami League party, its affiliated groups such as the Chhatra League, and various law enforcement agencies.
The non-cooperation movement, also known as the one-point movement, was a pro-democratic disinvestment movement and a mass uprising against the Awami League-led government of Bangladesh, initiated within the framework of 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The sole demand of this movement was the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet. It was the final stage of the wider movement known as the Student–People's uprising or the July Revolution. Although the movement was initially limited to the goal of reforming quotas in government jobs, it snowballed into a mass anti-government uprising after the deaths of several protesters. The movement was also fueled by ongoing socio-economic and political issues, including the government's mismanagement of the national economy, rampant corruption by government officials, human rights violations, allegations of undermining the country's sovereignty by Sheikh Hasina, and increasing authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.
Anti-discrimination Students Movement or Students Against Discrimination is a politically non-affiliated platform of student activists in Bangladesh formed in 2024 during the nationwide student-led quota reform movement. The group is credited for the ousting of the country's former prime minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024 through the Student–People's uprising.
Student–People's uprising was a pro-democratic mass uprising against the Sheikh Hasina government in Bangladesh. The movement started as a quota reform movement soon after the High Court Division of the Supreme Court declared the circular issued by the government in 2018 invalid on 5 June 2024. But the government law-enforcing agencies and the ruling party members carried out massive suppression and mass killing of the protesters, known as the July massacre. The movement then turned into a fully-fledged mass uprising, ultimately ousting Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024.
Asif Mahmud Shojib Bhuiyan is a Bangladeshi student activist, who is currently serving as an adviser to the Bangladesh interim government. He is a key coordinator of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement, which led the Student–People's uprising. He is also the former president of Bangladesh Sadharon Chhatra Odhikar Songrokkhon Parishad at Dhaka University unit.
Sarjis Alam is a Bangladeshi student activist. He is one of the coordinators of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement, which led the Student–People's uprising leading to the overthrow of former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s government.
Hasnat Abdullah is a Bangladeshi student activist and convener of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement, which led the Student–People's uprising.
2024 Bangladesh post-resignation violence took place after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina, during the clashes between the protesters and opposition activists on one side, and the Awami League supporters, government and security officials on the other. On the day of the resignation, 25 police officers were killed. According to the Daily Sun, at least 119, including both the students and Awami League activists, were killed that day. According to Prothom Alo, 1,494 sculptures and monuments were vandalized across Bangladesh after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina.
The 2024 Bangladesh judicial coup attempt was a series of events that unfolded in August 2024, involving an alleged effort by members of the judiciary in Bangladesh to destabilize the newly formed interim government and potentially restore power to the ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
The Students–People's uprising, also known as the July Revolution, was a pro-democracy mass uprising in Bangladesh. It began as a quota reform movement in early June 2024, led by the Anti-discrimination Students Movement, after the Bangladesh Supreme Court invalidated the government's 2018 circular regarding job quotas in the public sector. The movement escalated into a full-fledged mass uprising after the government carried out mass killings of protesters, known as the July massacre, by late July. By early August, the movement evolved into a non-cooperation movement, ultimately leading to the ouster of the then-prime minister, Sheikh Hasina, who fled Bangladesh to India. Hasina's ouster triggered a constitutional crisis, leading to the formation of an interim government led by the country's only Nobel laureate, Muhammad Yunus, as the chief adviser.
From mid-July to early-August 2024, a series of internet blackouts occurred in Bangladesh during the Student–People's uprising, when the Sheikh Hasina administration ordered internet to be shut down across the country.