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Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain Archaea. They are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and many humans, where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans. In marine sediments, the biological production of methane, also termed methanogenesis, is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted, below the top layers. Moreover, methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Others are extremophiles, found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the "solid" rock of Earth's crust, kilometers below the surface.
Sediment transport is the movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and/or the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. Sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks, mud, or clay; the fluid is air, water, or ice; and the force of gravity acts to move the particles along the sloping surface on which they are resting. Sediment transport due to fluid motion occurs in rivers, oceans, lakes, seas, and other bodies of water due to currents and tides. Transport is also caused by glaciers as they flow, and on terrestrial surfaces under the influence of wind. Sediment transport due only to gravity can occur on sloping surfaces in general, including hillslopes, scarps, cliffs, and the continental shelf—continental slope boundary.
Hydrogenophaga defluvii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from wastewater. Colonies of H. defluvii are pale yellow in color.
Variovorax defluvii is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax, which was isolated from the sewage in the Geumho River in Korea.
Pseudarthrobacter defluvii, with the old name Arthrobacter defluvii, is a bacterium species from the genus of Pseudarthrobacter which has been isolated from sewage from the Geumho River near Daegu in Korea. Arthrobacter defluvii has the ability to degrade 4-chlorophenol.
Hymenobacter is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterial genus from the family Hymenobacteraceae.
Gordonia defluvii is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from activated sludge foams in Australia.
Kaistia adipata is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from soil near the Chung-Ju industrial complex in Korea.
Kaistia dalseonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from river sediments from the Dalseo Stream in Korea.
Kaistia geumhonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from river sediments from the Geumho River in Korea.
Kaistia granuli is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Gongju in Korea.
Kaistia hirudinis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from a leech from the Leech Breeding Station in Biebertal in Germany.
Kaistia soli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from a peat layer 1200 meter above sea level in Yongneup in Korea.
Kaistia terrae is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from wetland soil from Yongneup in Korea.
Mucilaginibacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.
Mucilaginibacter defluvii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a dye wastewater treatment facility in Korea.
Runella defluvii is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Runella which has been isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Pohang in Korea.
Runella defluvii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Runella which has been isolated from activated sludge in Korea.
Flavobacterium defluvii is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Flavobacterium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Pohang in Korea.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Kaistia". LPSN .
- 1 2 "Kaistia defluvii". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ Jin, L.; Kim, K. K.; Lee, H.-G.; Ahn, C.-Y.; Oh, H.-M. (13 January 2012). "Kaistia defluvii sp. nov., isolated from river sediment". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 12): 2878–2882. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.038687-0. PMID 22247212.