Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, popularly EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He completed his graduation from St. Thomas College, Thrissur.
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) is a far-left political party in India. It is one of the national parties of India. The party emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in 1964. The CPI(M) was formed at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of India held in Calcutta from 31 October to 7 November 1964. As of 2018, CPI(M) is leading the state government in Kerala and has representation in the following Legislative assemblies in the states of Kerala, West Bengal, Tripura, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Odisha and Maharashtra. As of 2018, CPI(M) claimed to have 10,00,520 members. The highest body of the party is the Politburo. The CPIM, which was previously connoted as a national party due to its nationwide presence- incurred disastrous losses in the general elections of 2014 and 2019. In the 2019 general elections, not only was the CPIM reduced to single digits but also did it lose prominence and power in India's political map, with Kerala being an exception.
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. It is one of the eight national parties of India. There are different views on exactly when it was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by the CPI is 26 December 1925. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), also a national party, separated from the CPI in 1964 following an ideological rift between China and the Soviet Union, continues to claim having been founded in 1925.
K. R. Gowri Amma is an Indian politician from Kerala. She heads the Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy (JSS), a political party based in Kerala, India. Prior to the formation of JSS she was a prominent figure in the communist movement in Kerala. She was the first female law student coming from the Ezhava community. She was a Minister in the communist-led Ministries in Kerala in 1957, 1967, 1980, and 1987. She also became a Minister in the Congress-led Cabinet from 2001 to 2006.
The Vimochana Samaram (1958–59) was an anti-Communist backlash against the first elected state-government in Kerala, India, which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India. Organised opposition to the state government was spearheaded by the Catholic Church in Kerala, the Nair Service Society and the Indian Union Muslim League, and backed by elements of India's ruling Indian National Congress Party; although termed a "liberation struggle", the campaign was largely peaceful, taking the form of statewide meetings and public demonstrations. In June 1959, Kerala was rocked by mass protests calling for the resignation of the communist ministry. The Indian government finally bowed to pressure and dismissed Namboodiripad on July 31, 1959.
Bharatiya Kranti Dal was a political party in India, formed by the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Charan Singh. The party was founded at a meeting in Lucknow in October 1967. After the 1977 general election, the party merged into the Janata Party.
B. Wellington was a Health Minister of Kerala State.
P. S. Sreenivasan was a leader of the Communist Party of India (CPI) and a former minister of Kerala state.
Communism in Kerala refers to the strong presence of communist ideas in the Indian state of Kerala. In addition to Kerala, the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura have had democratically elected multiple Marxist governments, and change takes place in the government by regular multiparty electoral process. Communism of Kerala has provided Indian communist stalwarts such as M. N. Govindan Nair, P. K. Vasudevan Nair, E. M. S. Namboodiripad, C. K. Chandrappan and A. K. Gopalan.
The Council of Ministers (1957–59) of Legislative Assembly, Kerala state was the first Council of Ministers, the executive wing of state government, in the Indian state of Kerala. The ministry was led by Communist Party of India leader E. M. S. Namboodiripad from 5 April 1957 to 31 July 1959 and had eleven ministries.
Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, popularly known as EMS, was an Indian communist politician and theorist, who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala state in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69. As a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI), he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic. In 1964, he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
K.A.Keraleeyan (1910–1994) was one of the founder-leaders of the Communist party in Kerala. He was born on April 15, 1910 in Chirakkal taluk in Kannur district.
Kannur is sometimes identified with Naura in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. In the Middle Ages, Kannur was the important port town, on the Laccadive Sea, called Kolathunadu, which was ruled by the Kolathiris. In the 12th and 13th centuries there was trade with Persia and Arabia.
The Council of Ministers (1967–69) of Legislative Assembly, Kerala state was the Council of Ministers, the executive wing of state government, in the Indian state of Kerala. The ministry was led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader E. M. S. Namboodiripad from 6 March 1967 to 1 November 1969 and had thirteen ministries.
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1967 was the fourth assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala.
T. V. Thomas was an Indian communist leader from Alleppey, Kerala. He was the Minister for Labour and Transport in the First E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministry, Minister for Industries in the Second E. M. S. Namboodiripad Ministry and in the Second Achutha Menon Ministry. He was also the Opposition Leader in the Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly (1954-56).
Saptakakshi Munnani or the United Front was a short-lived alliance of seven political parties in Kerala state, India, which won the 1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. It was led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the other parties in the coalition were Communist Party of India (CPI), Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Indian Union Muslim League (IUML), Indian Socialist Party (ISP), Kerala Socialist Party (KSP) and Karshaka Thozhilali Party (KTP). The coalition had a comfortable majority of 117 members out of 133. E. M. S. Namboodiripad was sworn in as the Chief Minister for the second time on March 6, 1967. But even before completing 30 months, internal dissensions surfaced and the government fell 32 months after assuming power, on October 24, 1969. Following this, the CPI, RSP, IUML and ISP exited from the coalition and constituted a mini-front.
United Front or Aikya Munnani was a coalition of political parties in Kerala state, India, which was the ruling combine in the state from 1970 to 1979. The front was formed by five political parties, viz. Communist Party of India (CPI), Indian National Congress (INC), Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) and Praja Socialist Party (PSP), immediately before the 1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. The alliance saw the inclusion a few other parties in the following years. United Front dissolved in 1979 after the constituent parties left the alliance in order to form new political alliances, viz. the Left Democratic Front and the United Democratic Front.
