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The politics of the Falkland Islands takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary representative democratic dependency as set out by the constitution,whereby the Governor exercises the duties of head of state in the absence of the monarch and the Chief Executive is the head of the Civil Service,with an elected Legislative Assembly to propose new laws,national policy,approve finance and hold the executive to account.
The Falkland Islands are a British overseas territory and,as such,rely on the United Kingdom for the guarantee of their security. The other UK territories in the South Atlantic,South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,fall under the protection of British Forces South Atlantic Islands (BFSAI),formerly known as British Forces Falkland Islands (BFFI),which includes commitments from the British Army,Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. They are headed by the Commander,British Forces South Atlantic Islands (CBFSAI),a brigadier-equivalent appointment that rotates among all three services.
Stanley is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland,on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2016 census,the city had a population of 2,460. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,398 on Census Day - 9 October 2016.
The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) are the fourteen territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom that,while not forming part of the United Kingdom itself,are part of its sovereign territory. The permanently inhabited territories are delegated varying degrees of internal self-governance,with the United Kingdom retaining responsibility for defence,foreign relations,and internal security,and ultimate responsibility for "good" governance. Three of the territories are chiefly or only inhabited by military or scientific personnel,the rest hosting significant civilian populations. All fourteen have the British monarch as head of state. These UK government responsibilities are assigned to various departments of the Foreign,Commonwealth and Development Office and are subject to change.
Alan Edden Huckle is an English senior diplomat in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the British Government. He was the commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) and the British Antarctic Territory from 23 April 2001 until 12 January 2004,when he left to become the governor of Anguilla in the Caribbean. He was the Governor of Anguilla from 29 July 2004 to July 2006,having been appointed in July 2003.
The governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands,acting "in His Majesty's name and on His Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch. The role and powers of the governor are set out in Chapter II of the Falkland Islands Constitution. The governor in office resides at Government House,which serves as the official residence.
The Falkland Islands is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about 300 mi (480 km) east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about 752 mi (1,210 km) from Cape Dubouzet at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula,at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago,with an area of 4,700 sq mi (12,000 km2),comprises East Falkland,West Falkland,and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory,the Falklands have internal self-governance,but the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The capital and largest settlement is Stanley on East Falkland.
The Executive Council of the Falkland Islands is the policy making body of the Government of the Falkland Islands,exercising executive power by advising the Governor. It has an equivalent role to that of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. The first Executive Council for the Falklands was inaugurated on 2 April 1845 by Governor Richard Moody.
Nigel Robert Haywood is a British diplomat,who served as British ambassador to Estonia from 2003 until 2008 and Governor of the Falkland Islands from 2010 until 2014.
Glenn Ross is a Falkland Islands engineer and politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Stanley constituency from the 2009 general election until his resignation in 2011.
Richard Sawle is a British born,Falkland Islands politician,who has been Complaints Commissioner since 15 January 2014 and previously served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for the Stanley constituency from 2009 until 2013.
Lieutenant General Edward Grant Martin Davis,is a former senior Royal Marines officer. He was Commandant General Royal Marines from December 2011 to June 2014,and the Deputy Commander of NATO's Allied Land Command in Izmir,Turkey,from 2014 to 2015. He was Governor of Gibraltar from 2016 to 2020.
Heroes Welcome is a scheme designed to encourage British communities to demonstrate support to members of the armed forces. The concept involves the displaying of a Heroes Welcome Sticker,this can be by either private individuals,or business operators and simply indicates a special welcome to service personnel. Heroes Welcome is not a charity or discount scheme,the minimum offer is;"A Warm Welcome",participating members may choose to offer a small discount or additional service upgrade if they wish,but this is not mandatory to membership of the scheme.
Major (Ret) John Wilson Senior,MBE,TD,DL,mobilised on 27 December 2001,Senior was the first member of the British Territorial Army to be deployed on operational service to Afghanistan. He is also the founder of Heroes Welcome UK,a national scheme to encourage local communities to show their open support to British and other UK-based military personnel.
Colin Roberts is a British diplomat and the former Governor of the Falkland Islands and former Commissioner of the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
A referendum on political status was held in the Falkland Islands on 10–11 March 2013. The Falkland Islanders were asked whether or not they supported the continuation of their status as an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom in view of Argentina's call for negotiations on the islands' sovereignty.
Among the fourteen British Overseas Territories,eight –Akrotiri and Dhekelia,the British Antarctic Territory,the British Indian Ocean Territory,the Falkland Islands,Gibraltar,the Pitcairn Islands,Saint Helena,Ascension and Tristan da Cunha,and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands –recognise and perform same-sex marriages. In the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia,only British military and civilian personnel can enter into same-sex marriages and civil partnerships.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in the Falkland Islands since 29 April 2017. A law to permit same-sex couples to marry passed the Legislative Assembly by 7 votes to 1 on 30 March 2017. It was given royal assent by Governor Colin Roberts on 13 April,and went into effect on 29 April. The territory also recognises civil partnerships,which are open to both same-sex and different-sex couples.
Air Commodore Nigel James Phillips, is a British diplomat,former Royal Air Force officer and former Governor of the Falkland Islands and Commissioner of the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. He has served as Governor of Saint Helena,Ascension and Tristan da Cunha since 13 August 2022.
References
- ↑ Juanita Brock (27 February 2009). "Keith Biles Elected Speaker of Falklands Assembly". Falkland Islands News Network. sartma. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- 1 2 "The Speaker". Falkland Islands Government. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ↑ "Falklands farewells Governor Nigel Haywood". Gov.uk. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ↑ "No. 64423". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 June 2024. p. B24.
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