Sexual assault is an act of sexual abuse in which one intentionally sexually touches another person without that person's consent,or coerces or physically forces a person to engage in a sexual act against their will. It is a form of sexual violence that includes child sexual abuse,groping,rape,drug facilitated sexual assault,and the torture of the person in a sexual manner.
Prison sexuality consists of sexual relationships between prisoners or between a prisoner and a prison employee or other persons to whom prisoners have access. Since prisons are usually separated by sex,most sexual activity is with a same-sex partner. Exceptions to this include sex with spouses/partners during conjugal visits and sex with a prison employee of the opposite sex.
Sexual violence is any harmful or unwanted sexual act—or attempt to obtain a sexual act through violence or coercion—or an act directed against a person's sexuality without their consent,by any individual regardless of their relationship to the victim. This includes forced engagement in sexual acts,attempted or completed,and may be physical,psychological,or verbal. It occurs in times of peace and armed conflict situations,is widespread,and is considered to be one of the most traumatic,pervasive,and most common human rights violations.
School violence includes violence between school students as well as attacks by students on school staff and attacks by school staff on students. It encompasses physical violence,including student-on-student fighting,corporal punishment;psychological violence such as verbal abuse,and sexual violence,including rape and sexual harassment. It includes many forms of bullying and carrying weapons to school. The one or more perpetrators typically have more physical,social,and/or psychological power than the victim. It is a widely accepted serious societal problem in recent decades in many countries,especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved.
Date rape is a form of acquaintance rape and dating violence. The two phrases are often used interchangeably,but date rape specifically refers to a rape in which there has been some sort of romantic or potentially sexual relationship between the two parties. Acquaintance rape also includes rapes in which the victim and perpetrator have been in a non-romantic,non-sexual relationship,for example as co-workers or neighbors.
Women who have sex with women (WSW) are women who engage in sexual activities with women,whether they identify as straight,lesbian,bisexual,pansexual,have other sexualities,or dispense with sexual identification altogether. The term WSW is often used in medical literature to describe such women as a group for clinical study,without needing to consider sexual self-identity.
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse,or other forms of sexual penetration,carried out against a person without their consent. The act may be carried out by physical force,coercion,abuse of authority,or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent,such as one who is unconscious,incapacitated,has an intellectual disability,or is below the legal age of consent. The term rape is sometimes casually inaccurately used interchangeably with the term sexual assault.
Teen dating violence is the physical,sexual,or psychological / emotional abuse within a dating relationship among adolescents. Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a well examined and documented phenomenon in adults;however,there has not been nearly as much study on violence in adolescent dating relationships,and it is therefore not as well understood. The research has mainly focused on Caucasian youth,and,as of 2013,there are no studies which focus specifically on IPV in adolescent same-sex relationships.
Alcohol myopia is a cognitive-physiological theory on alcohol use disorder in which many of alcohol's social and stress-reducing effects,which may underlie its addictive capacity,are explained as a consequence of alcohol's narrowing of perceptual and cognitive functioning. The alcohol myopia model posits that rather than disinhibit,alcohol produces a myopia effect that causes users to pay more attention to salient environmental cues and less attention to less salient cues. Therefore,alcohol's myopic effects cause intoxicated people to respond almost exclusively to their immediate environment. This "nearsightedness" limits their ability to consider future consequences of their actions as well as regulate their reactive impulses.
Sexual violence refers to a range of completed or attempted sexual acts in which the affected party does not or is unable to consent. Theories on the causes of sexual violence are numerous and have come out of many different disciplines,such as women's studies,public health,and criminal justice. Proposed causes include military conquest,socioeconomics,anger,power,sadism,traits,ethical standards,laws,and evolutionary pressures. Most of the research on the causes of sexual violence has focused on male offenders.
Domestic violence is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting,such as in a marriage or cohabitation. Domestic violence is often used as a synonym for intimate partner violence,which is committed by one of the people in an intimate relationship against the other person,and can take place in relationships or between former spouses or partners. In its broadest sense,domestic violence also involves violence against children,parents,or the elderly. It can assume multiple forms,including physical,verbal,emotional,economic,religious,reproductive,financial abuse,or sexual abuse,or combinations of these. It can range from subtle,coercive forms to marital rape and other violent physical abuse,such as choking,beating,female genital mutilation,and acid throwing that may result in disfigurement or death,and includes the use of technology to harass,control,monitor,stalk or hack. Domestic murder includes stoning,bride burning,honor killing,and dowry death,which sometimes involves non-cohabitating family members. In 2015,the United Kingdom's Home Office widened the definition of domestic violence to include coercive control.
Alcohol and sex deals with the effects of the consumption of alcohol on sexual behavior. The effects of alcohol are balanced between its suppressive effects on sexual physiology,which will decrease sexual activity,and its suppression of sexual inhibitions. A large portion of sexual assaults involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator,victim,or both.
Sexual consent is consent to engage in sexual activity. In many jurisdictions,sexual activity without consent is considered rape or other sexual assault.
Campus sexual assault is the sexual assault,including rape,of a student while attending an institution of higher learning,such as a college or university. The victims of such assaults are more likely to be female,but any gender can be victimized. Estimates of sexual assault,which vary based on definitions and methodology,generally find that somewhere between 19–27% of college women and 6–8% of college men are sexually assaulted during their time in college.
Alcohol-related crime refers to criminal activities that involve alcohol use as well as violations of regulations covering the sale or use of alcohol;in other words,activities violating the alcohol laws. Underage drinking and drunk driving are the most prevalent alcohol-specific offenses in the United States and a major problem in many,if not most,countries worldwide. Similarly,arrests for alcohol-related crimes constitute a high proportion of all arrests made by police in the U.S. and elsewhere.
'Mary P. Koss is an American Regents' Professor at the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health at the University of Arizona in Tucson,Arizona. She is a renowned expert in sexual violence research. She is best known for conducting the first national study on rape in the United States in 1987 and for developing the Sexual Experience Survey (SES),which remains widely used today to assess sexual aggression and victimization.
Risky sexual behavior is the description of the activity that will increase the probability that a person engaging in sexual activity with another person infected with a sexually transmitted infection will be infected,become unintentionally pregnant,or make a partner pregnant. It can mean two similar things:the behavior itself,and the description of the partner's behavior.
Non-consensual condom removal,or "stealthing",is the practice of a person removing a condom during sexual intercourse without consent,when their sex partner has only consented to condom-protected sex. Purposefully damaging a condom before or during intercourse may also be referred to as stealthing,regardless of who damaged the condom.
Angela Denise Bryan is a social psychologist known for her research on HIV/STD prevention,healthy eating habits,and use of legalized cannabis. She is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder where she co-directs the Center for Health and Neuroscience,Genes,and Environment.
Gail Elizabeth Wyatt is a clinical psychologist and board-certified sex therapist known for her research on consensual and abusive sexual relationships and their influence on psychological well-being. She is Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. Wyatt was the first African American woman in the state of California to receive a license to practice psychology and first African American woman to be named a Full Professor of the UCLA School of Medicine.
