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Eric Richard Kandel is an Austrian-American medical doctor who specialized in psychiatry, a neuroscientist and a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University. He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.
The naked mole-rat, also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to parts of East Africa. It is closely related to the blesmols and is the only species in the genus Heterocephalus of the family Heterocephalidae. The naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat are the only known eusocial mammals, the highest classification of sociality. It has a highly unusual set of physical traits that allow it to thrive in a harsh underground environment and is the only mammalian thermoconformer, almost entirely ectothermic (cold-blooded) in how it regulates body temperature.
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The star-nosed mole is a small mole found in moist, low areas in the northern parts of North America. It is the only member of the tribe having a touch organ with more than 25,000 minute sensory receptors, known as Eimer's organs, with which this hamster-sized mole feels its way around. With the help of its Eimer's organs, it may be perfectly poised to detect seismic wave vibrations.
Escape reflex, or escape behavior, is any kind of escape response found in an animal when it is presented with an unwanted stimulus. It is a simple reflectory reaction in response to stimuli indicative of danger, that initiates an escape motion of an animal. The escape response has been found to be processed in the telencephalon.
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination and visual attention, which allows for visually-guided pointing, grasping, and object manipulation that can produce a desired effect.
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Adam Gazzaley is an American neuroscientist, author, photographer, entrepreneur and inventor. He is the founder and executive director of Neuroscape and the David Dolby Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Physiology, and Psychiatry at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He is co-founder and Chief Science Advisor of Akili Interactive Labs, JAZZ Venture Partners, and Sensync. Gazzaley is the inventor of the first video game approved by the FDA as a medical treatment. He is a Board of Trustee member, Science Council member and Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences. He has authored over 150 scientific articles.
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References
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth (January 2017). "Kenneth Catania". Current Biology. 27 (1): R4–R6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.053 .
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth C. (2011). "The sense of touch in the star-nosed mole: from mechanoreceptors to the brain". Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences. 366 (1581): 3016–3025. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0128. JSTOR 23035676. PMC 3172592 . PMID 21969683.
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth C.; Hare, James F.; Campbell, Kevin L. (2008). "Water Shrews Detect Movement, Shape, and Smell to Find Prey Underwater". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (2): 571–576. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105..571C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0709534104. JSTOR 25451131. PMC 2206577 . PMID 18184804.
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth C.; Remple, Michael S. (2002). "Somatosensory Cortex Dominated by the Representation of Teeth in the Naked Mole-Rat Brain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (8): 5692–5697. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.5692C. doi:10.1073/pnas.072097999. JSTOR 3058556. PMC 122833 . PMID 11943853.
- ↑ Leitch, Duncan B.; Catania, Kenneth C. (2012). "Structure, innervation and response properties of integumentary sensory organs in crocodilians". Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (23): 4217–4230. doi:10.1242/jeb.076836. PMC 4074209 . PMID 23136155.
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth C. (2012). "Evolution of brains and behavior for optimal foraging: A tale of two predators". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (Supp. 1): 10701–10708. doi:10.1073/pnas.1201885109. JSTOR 41601658. PMC 3386870 . PMID 22723352.
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth C. (2008). "Worm Grunting, Fiddling, and Charming—Humans Unknowingly Mimic a Predator to Harvest Bait". PLOS ONE. 3 (10): e3472. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.3472C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003472. PMC 2566961 . PMID 18852902.
- ↑ Catania, Kenneth (2014). "The shocking predatory strike of the electric eel". Science. 346 (6214): 1231–1234. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1231C. doi:10.1126/science.1260807. PMID 25477462. S2CID 14371418.
- ↑ Franz, Julia. "The Star-Nosed Mole Takes Adaptation To The Extreme". Science Friday. Science Friday Initiative. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
- ↑ "Kenneth Catania". Guggenheim Fellowship. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
- ↑ Latt, Elizabeth (2006-09-18). "Vanderbilt neuroscientist Ken Catania receives MacArthur "genius grant"" . Retrieved 2007-11-25.
- ↑ "Pradel Research Award". National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.
- ↑ "Electric Eels Use Built-In "Taser" to Remotely Stun Their Prey". news.nationalgeographic.com. 2014-12-04. Retrieved 2016-02-17.
