Sanctioning body | International Federation for Equestrian Sports |
---|---|
Location | Rolex Stadium, Kentucky Horse Park, Lexington, KY, USA |
Held | Annually |
Length | 4 days |
Sponsors | Land Rover |
Inaugurated | 1978 |
Total purse | US$400,000 |
Website | www |
The Kentucky Three-Day Event, currently the Land Rover Kentucky Three-Day Event due to sponsorship, is an eventing competition held at the Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky. Land Rover Kentucky is a CCI5*-L eventing competition. Five stars is the highest level of competition in the sport, the same level of competition as Eventing at the Olympics and the World Equestrian Games. The event is sponsored by Land Rover. Prize money of $400,000 is distributed among the top placings with $110,000 as well as a Rolex watch awarded to the first place horse and rider. The winning rider also gets a 12-month lease of a Land Rover (2023 Defender Model)
Although the event's name continues to reflect its roots as a three-day competition, the Kentucky Three-Day Event currently takes place over four days (Thursday through Sunday). Due to large number of entries, both Thursday and Friday are devoted to the dressage test. Cross-country is on Saturday, and show jumping is on Sunday.
The Kentucky Three-Day Event is held the last weekend of April, the week before the Kentucky Derby. It is one of the three events in the Rolex Grand Slam of Eventing.
In 1974, Bruce Davidson and the United States Equestrian Team won individual and team gold at the World Championships held in Burghley, England. This gave the United States the right to hold the next World Championships four years later, in 1978. The Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky was due to open around the same time, and plans were made to hold the World Championships there.
Equestrian Events, Inc. (EEI) was formed to as a non-profit organization to help plan the competition and raise public awareness. The first horse trials at the Kentucky Horse Park was held in 1976, to prepare. In 1977, the National Pony Club Rally and the North American Junior Three-Day Event Championships were also held there.
The 1978 event had more than 170,000 spectators and added more than $4 million to the local economy. The event was broadcast worldwide, as well as nationally on CBS. The success of the World Championships helped to convince the EEU to continue the event annually. Today, the event is broadcast worldwide in 18 languages.
Although the event began as an advanced three-day, and later included open intermediate and preliminary competitions, today it only holds the highest level: the CCI****. Intermediate-level competition was held in 1979 and from 1985 to 1981. An Advanced-level CCI was held from 1980 to 1999 up to the *** level, with Advanced Horse Trials (non-CCI) also held from 1992 to 1996. The CCI**** was begun in 1998, and has been held annually since. Since 2000, the CCI**** is the only competition held during this time, and the preliminary, intermediate, and CCI*** levels are not offered.
The Kentucky Three-Day Event also hoped to continue the classic format, despite the other major events around the world switching to the short format. Originally, the plan was to alternate years, offering the short format in even-numbered years as preparation for the Olympic games or the World Championship, while running the classic format in odd-numbered years. However, in 2006 it was announced that, due to lack of funds and interest from upper level riders, the event would only offer the short format. Therefore, all competition run before 2005 (excluding the 2004 Modified division) was run "classic format," and from the 2006 event onward has been run in the "short format."
The CCI**** competition was first suggested in 1994 by Denny Emerson, who believed the United States had enough competitors at this high level to warrant the development of a four-star. Previously, American riders trained in England when they were preparing for international competition, as the country had the only two annual CCI**** at that time: Badminton and Burghley. The USET began making plans in 1996, and held the country's first and the world's third annual four-star competition at the Kentucky Horse Park in 1998.
After the 2018 season, the FEI added an introductory level below CCI*, bumping all subsequent levels upward. While there was no change to the difficulty of the competition, the added level forced all former CCI**** competitions to re-classify as CCI*****.
This sport takes many different precautions concerning the horse's health. Two horses died of a heart attack on the course in April 2008. [1]
Self-efficacy is a way to assess themselves and the horse using a scientific method. Evaluating the health of the horse is important because the horse could easily get injured. [2]
A study was done to compare the heart rate between a trained and untrained horse. The results show that trained horses do not have more stress or pain in comparison with untrained horses. However, if evaluated 30 minutes before competition, the trained horse would show less stress. According to this experiment the training method, "Deep and Round", put more stress on the horse. [3]
Year | Rider | Horse | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1978 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | Might Tango | Eventing World Championships |
1978 | Team Canada | Eventing World Championships | |
1979 | Juliet Bishop (CAN) | Taxi | Modified Open Intermediate 3-Day |
1980 | Torrance Watkins (USA) | Poltroon | Modified Advanced 3-Day |
1981 | James C. Wofford (USA) | Carawich | Modified Advanced 3-Day USET Selection Trials |
1982 | Kim Walnes (USA) | The Gray Goose | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1983 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | JJ Babu | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1984 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | Dr. Peaches | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1985 | Derek di Grazia (USA) | Sasquatch | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1986 | James C. Wofford (USA) | The Optimist | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1987 | Kerry Millikin (USA) | The Pirate | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1988 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | Dr. Peaches | Advanced 3-Day (CCI), Olympic Selection Trial |
1989 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | Dr. Peaches | Advanced 3-Day (CCI) |
1990 | David O'Connor (USA) | Wilton Fair | Advanced 3-Day (CCI**) |
1991 | Karen Lende (USA) | Mr. Maxwell | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) |
1992 | Stuart Young-Black (CAN) | Von Perrier | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) Olympic Selection Trial |
1993 | Bruce Davidson (USA) | Happy Talk | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) |
1994 | Julie Gomena (USA) | Treaty | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) |
1995 | David O'Connor (USA) | Custom Made | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) Olympic Qualifying Competition |
1996 | Stephen Bradley (USA) | Dr. Dolittle | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) USET Selection Trial |
1997 | Karen O'Connor (USA) | Worth the Trust | Advanced 3-Day (CCI***) |
1998 | Nick Larkin (NZL) | Red | CCI**** |
1998 | Tiffani Loudon (USA) | Makabi | CCI*** |
1999 | Karen O'Connor (USA) | Prince Panache | CCI**** |
1999 | Kimberly Vinoski (USA) | Over the Limit | CCI*** |
2000 | Blyth Tait (NZL) | Welton Envoy | Began running as solely a CCI**** event |
2001 | David O'Connor (USA) | Giltedge | |
2001 | Kimberly Severson (USA) | Winsome Adante | |
2003 | Pippa Funnell (GBR) | Primmore's Pride | Won as the first leg of eventual Rolex Grand Slam win |
2004 | Kimberly Severson (USA) | Winsome Adante | |
2004 | Darren Chiacchia (USA) | Windfall II | Modified CCI**** Division |
2005 | Kimberly Severson (USA) | Winsome Adante | |
2006 | Andrew Hoy (AUS) | Master Monarch | Run without steeplechase |
2007 | Clayton Fredericks (AUS) | Ben Along Time | |
2008 | Phillip Dutton (USA) | Connaught | |
2009 | Lucinda Fredericks (AUS) | Headley Britannia | |
2010 | William Fox-Pitt (GBR) | Cool Mountain | |
2011 | Mary King (GBR) | King's Temptress | Also finished 2nd on Fernhill Urco |
2012 | William Fox-Pitt (GBR) | Parklane Hawk | |
2013 | Andrew Nicholson (NZL) | Quimbo | |
2014 | William Fox-Pitt (GBR) | Bay My Hero | |
2015 | Michael Jung (GER) | fischerRocana FST | |
2016 | Michael Jung (GER) | fischerRocana FST | Won as the second leg on the way to winning the Rolex Grand Slam |
2017 | Michael Jung (GER) | fischerRocana FST | First person to win 3x in a row on same horse |
2018 | Oliver Townend (GBR) | Cooley Master Class | |
2019 | Oliver Townend (GBR) | Cooley Master Class | First year of CCI5* classification |
2020 | Not Held Due to COVID-19 pandemic | ||
2021 | Oliver Townend (GBR) | Ballaghmor Class | |
2022 | Michael Jung (GER) | fischerChipmunk FRH | |
2023 | Tamie Smith (USA) | Mai Baum | becoming the first US winner of the event since 2008 and the first female winner since 2011. |
2024 | Oliver Townend (GBR) | Cooley Rosalent |
Eventing is an equestrian event where a single horse and rider combine and compete against other competitors across the three disciplines of dressage, cross-country, and show jumping. This event has its roots in a comprehensive cavalry test that required mastery of several types of riding. The competition may be run as a one-day event (ODE), where all three events are completed in one day or a three-day event (3DE), which is more commonly now run over four days, with dressage on the first two days, followed by cross-country the next day and then show jumping in reverse order on the final day. Eventing was previously known as Combined Training, and the name persists in many smaller organizations. The term "Combined Training" is sometimes confused with the term "Combined Test", which refers to a combination of just two of the phases, most commonly dressage and show jumping.
The Badminton Horse Trials is a five-day event, one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) Five Star events as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). It takes place in May each year in the park of Badminton House, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in South Gloucestershire, England.
The Defender Burghley Horse Trials is an annual three-day event held at Burghley House near Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, currently in early September. Defender Burghley Horse Trials is classified by the FEI as one of the seven leading three-day events in the world. It has competition at CCI5*-L level. The prize for first place is currently £110,000. Prize money is given down to 20th place.
The FEI World Equestrian Games are the major international championships for equestrianism, and are administered by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). The games have been held every four years, halfway between sets of consecutive Summer Olympic Games, since 1990. Prior to that year, all ten of the FEI's individual disciplines held separate championships, usually in separate countries. The modern WEG runs over two weeks and, like the Olympics, the location rotates to different parts of the world. Riders and horses competing at WEG go through a rigorous selection process, and each participating country sends teams that have distinguished themselves through competition as the nation's best in each respective discipline. At the 2010 Games, 57 countries were represented by 800 people and their horses.
Kimberly "Kim" Severson is a highly successful international equestrian. She took several years of dressage lessons before training in eventing, and began with a background in Pony Club. One of her first upper level event horses was Jerry McGerry, whom she took intermediate.
Winsome Andante was an English imported crossbred eventer who competed successfully to the highest levels of the sport of eventing with rider Kimberly Severson. Winsome Andante won the Rolex CCI**** a record three times. He also competed at the Burghley Horse Trials, as well as in the Olympics and the World Equestrian Games.
William Speed Lane Fox-Pitt is an English equestrian who competes in eventing. His career highlights include winning three Olympic medals in the team event, with silver in 2004 and 2012, and bronze in 2008. At the World Equestrian Games, he won team gold and individual silver in 2010, and team silver and individual bronze in 2014. He also won World team medals in 2002 and 2006. At the European Championships, he has won six team gold medals, as well as Individual silver in 1997 and 2005, and Individual bronze in 2013. He is the recordman CCI*****'s winner with 14 grand slam titles. In 2011, he became the first rider to win five different five-star events, having won the Burghley Horse Trials a record six times, Rolex Kentucky three times, Stars of Pau twice, the Badminton Horse Trials twice, and the Luhmühlen Horse Trials once (2008). A serious fall in 2015 left him in a coma for two weeks, but he came back to make the British eventing team and attend the 2016 Summer Olympics. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours.
Giltedge was a 17 hands Irish Sport Horse that was ridden by American David O'Connor at the international level in the sport of eventing.
The World Eventing Championships, or the eventing competition in the World Equestrian Games (WEG), began in 1966. It includes both a team and individual competition for the best horses and riders in the sport of eventing. The World Championship is held every four years, and is held at the CCI**** level, the highest level of eventing competition.
Bruce Oram Davidson is an American equestrian who competes in the sport of eventing. He grew up in a family uninterested in horses, but began to compete in Pony Club events after a family friend introduced him to riding. He began college at Iowa State University, but left in his third year to train full-time with the United States Equestrian Team. In 1974, he married, and his two children were born in 1976 and 1977. His son, Bruce Davidson Jr., has followed in his footsteps to become a top eventing rider.
Equestrian sports were first included in the Olympic Games in the Summer Olympics of 1900 in Paris. They were again included in 1912, and have been included in every subsequent edition of the Games. Currently, the Olympic equestrian disciplines are dressage, eventing, and show jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded. Since the XV Olympiad in Helsinki in 1952, women and men compete on equal terms.
The Luhmühlen Horse Trials are an annual equestrian eventing competition held in Luhmühlen, Salzhausen, Germany. Riders compete at the highest level: the CCI*****. There are only Seven events of this kind in the world, the others being the Badminton Horse Trials, the Burghley Horse Trials, the Kentucky Three-Day Event, the Australian International Three Day Event, the Stars of Pau and the maryland horse trails
The Concours Complet International (CCI) is the competition rating for the equestrian sport of eventing, given by the international governing body for the sport, the FEI. The rating system was recently changed, effective 1 January 2019.
Bramham International Horse Trials is one of the Europe's leading three-day events, taking place every June at Bramham Park, near Wetherby in West Yorkshire. The event attracts around 60,000 spectators over four days of competition.
The Red Hills Horse Trials is held in Tallahassee, in the U.S. state of Florida and is one of the equestrian world's top events. It is an annual major eventing competition held by the United States Eventing Association, Area III and the 16th event held in Area III consisting of Dressage, Cross-country, and Show jumping.
The Grand Slam of Eventing, sponsored by Rolex, consists of three of the top CCI5*-L equestrian eventing competitions in the world. Pippa Funnell in 2003 and Michael Jung in 2016, are the only riders to have achieved the Grand Slam since its inception in 1999. To win the Grand Slam, a rider must consecutively win all three events, although they are permitted to ride different horses in each competition. This is especially important, since the Badminton Horse Trials is only one week after Kentucky, and the horse would not have sufficient time to recover between the two competitions, especially since they would have to be flown overseas in that time.
Lucinda Fredericks is an equestrian athlete who competes in eventing. Having formerly competed for Great Britain, she now represents Australia. Riding Headley Britannia, she has won three CCI 4* events; winning Burghley in 2006, Badminton in 2007 and Rolex Kentucky in 2009. She won an Olympic silver medal in the team event at Beijing 2008, and also competed at the 2012 London Olympics.
The Étoiles de Pau or Stars of Pau is an annual three-day event held in Pau, in the South of France, near the Pyrénées mountains. It is one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) five-star events in the world as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and the only one held in France. It takes place every year in October in the Domaine de Sers in Pau.
William Coleman III is an American equestrian. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the Individual eventing and Team eventing. At the age of six, Coleman's family moved to Charlottesville, VA where he started riding in the hunt fields of Virginia Piedmont Hunt. His father was an avid fox hunter and became his first show jumping coach. After Coleman began to focus on eventing he started training with Karen and David O’Connor, beginning an apprentice with the pair after his graduation from Woodberry Forest School.
Oliver David Townend is a British eventing rider known for competing at the international three-day level. He won team gold medals at the European Championships in 2007, 2009 and 2017. Townend has also secured victories at events such as the Badminton Horse Trials, Burghley Horse Trials, and the Kentucky Three Day Event.