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Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education. The meaning and education methods have changed through debates over what content or experiences result in an educated individual or an educated society. Historically,the motivations for reform have not reflected the current needs of society. A consistent theme of reform includes the idea that large systematic changes to educational standards will produce social returns in citizens' health,wealth,and well-being.
K–12,from kindergarten to 12th grade,is an American English expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States,which is similar to publicly supported school grades before college in several other countries,such as Afghanistan,Australia,Canada,China,Ecuador,Egypt,India,Iran,the Philippines,South Korea,and Turkey.
The governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The governor is the only official in Tennessee state government who is directly elected by the voters of the entire state.
Charter schools in the United States are primary or secondary education institutions that are funded through taxation and operated by private organizations,rather than local school districts. They do not charge tuition,as they are funded with public tax dollars. Charter schools are subject to fewer rules than traditional state schools. Proponents argue that they are meant to serve underserved communities that wish to have alternatives to their neighborhood school. There are both non-profit and for-profit charter schools,and only non-profit charters can receive donations from private sources. However,there are several ways that non-profit charters can profit.
Secondary education in the United States is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education,including grade 6 or grade 7 through grade 12. It occurs in two phases. The first is the ISCED lower secondary phase,a middle school or junior high school for students grade 6 through grade 8. The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase,a high school or senior high school for students grade 9 through grade 12. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer,and variation in some states;also,middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act;it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding,states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.
Teach For America (TFA) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is to "enlist,develop,and mobilize as many as possible of our nation's most promising future leaders to grow and strengthen the movement for educational equity and excellence".
William Edward Haslam is an American billionaire businessman and politician who served as the 49th governor of Tennessee from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party,Haslam previously served as the 67th mayor of Knoxville,Tennessee.
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11,1965. Part of Johnson's "War on Poverty",the act has been one of the most far-reaching pieces of federal legislation affecting education ever passed by the United States Congress,and was further emphasized and reinvented by its modern,revised No Child Left Behind Act.
Bexley High School (BHS) is a public high school located in Bexley,Ohio,a suburb of Columbus.
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) is a measurement defined by the United States federal No Child Left Behind Act that allows the U.S. Department of Education to determine how every public school and school district in the country is performing academically according to results on standardized tests. As defined by National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME),AYP is "the amount of annual achievement growth to be expected by students in a particular school,district,or state in the U.S. federal accountability system,No Child Left Behind (NCLB)." AYP has been identified as one of the sources of controversy surrounding George W. Bush administration's Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Private schools are not required to make AYP.
Michelle Ann Rhee is an American educator and advocate for education reform. She was Chancellor of District of Columbia Public Schools from 2007 to 2010. In late 2010,she founded StudentsFirst,a non-profit organization that works on education reform.
The Cartel is a 2009 American documentary film by New Jersey-based television producer,reporter and news anchor Bob Bowdon,that covers the failures of public education in the United States by focusing on New Jersey,which has the highest level of per-student education spending in the U.S. According to The Internet Movie Database (IMDb),the film asks:"How has the richest and most innovative society on earth suddenly lost the ability to teach its children at a level that other modern countries consider 'basic'?" The film regards teachers' unions as the cause of the problems,due to,among other things,the obstacles they put in place to firing bad teachers,through tenure. It also makes the case for school vouchers and charter schools,suggesting that the increased competition will revitalize the school system,leading to improved efficiency and performance in all schools,both district and charter.
Charter schools in New York are independent,not-for-profit public schools operating under a different set of rules than the typical state-run schools,exempt from many requirements and regulations. Any student eligible for public schools can apply.
The Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) is a consortium featuring two states,the District of Columbia,the Department of Defense Educational Activity,and the Bureau of Indian Education,that work to create and deploy a standard set of K–12 assessments in Mathematics and English,based on the Common Core State Standards.
The highly qualified teacher provision is one of the goals of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001. The term highly qualified teachers (HQT) comes from the original language of Title II of the No Child Left Behind Act. Title II of NCLB designates federal funds to educational agencies for the purpose of improving the student achievement through the professional development of highly qualified teachers and principals. To qualify for this funding,states must comply with a series of conditions stipulated in NCLB,and track their progress toward goals each state sets. Title II was originally known as the Eisenhower Professional Development Program,and has undergone several reauthorizations,though the original intent has remained relatively intact. The main goals of the highly qualified teacher provision is to ensure that every classroom is staffed by a teacher deemed "highly qualified" under conditions set by NCLB. As some point out,this section of NCLB is quite at odds with the general thrust of NCLB because it focuses on school inputs rather than student outcomes. The sections of NCLB designated to HQTs allocates the majority of the funds to the states and does not clearly define at the federal level what is and what is not a highly qualified teacher,allowing for more local definitions of this term. This provision has come under much scrutiny,as it is up to states to decide how to measure highly qualified,and states are not holding their teachers to the same level of rigor across the country. Since its reauthorization in 2001,Title II has yet to reach its stated goal of ensuring that 100% of teachers in public schools in the United States are highly qualified.
John B. King Jr. is an American educator,civil servant and former government official who is the President of The Education Trust. A member of the Democratic Party,he served as the 10th United States Secretary of Education from January 1,2016 to January 20,2017 under President Barack Obama. In April 2021,King announced that he would be running for the Democratic nomination in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election,but came in sixth place in the primary election,losing to Baltimore author Wes Moore.
Rocketship Public Schools (RPS) is a non-profit charter school network headquartered in Redwood City,California.
The Achievement School District (ASD) is a school system in Tennessee providing academic intervention in the lowest performing schools in Tennessee,with the goal of increasing student achievement in those schools. The ASD's assigned task is to move the bottom 5% of schools in Tennessee to the top 25% of schools in the state. The Achievement School District was created to cause "school turnaround," a term meaning rapid results in poorer performing schools. The Achievement School District is modeled after the Louisiana Recovery School District and takes elements from the Michigan School District as well.
Walton Rural Life Center is an agricultural charter elementary school in Walton,Kansas,United States,and operated by Newton USD 373 public school district. During the 2015–2016 school year,there were 210 students at Walton Rural Life Center. They teach students from kindergarten to 4th grade,and there are two classes for each grade.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About the Commissioner". Tennessee Department of Education.
- ↑ "Kevin Huffman of Teach for America tapped to be new state education chief". knoxnews.com. March 3, 2011.
- ↑ "Kevin Huffman out as education commissioner". tennessean.com. November 14, 2014.
- 1 2 "Bexley Alum Named to Office". Bexley High School Alumni Association.
- ↑ "America's Next Great Pundit Contest". The Washington Post.
- ↑ "Kevin Huffman, Opinion Writer". The Washington Post.
- ↑ Andy Sher (September 29, 2011). "Governor Haslam, Tennessee education commissioner defend teacher evaluation system". Chattanooga Times Free Press.
- 1 2 3 4 Andy Sher (January 13, 2013). "Education reformer has interest in Tennessee". Chattanooga Times Free Press.
- ↑ "Tennessee ESEA Flexibility Request". U.S. Department of Education. 23 July 2015.
- ↑ "Achievement School District Home Page". Achievement School District.
- ↑ Bill Dries (July 24, 2013). "Achievement School District TCAPs: Reading Down, Math and Science Up". Memphis Daily News.
- ↑ "Tennessee Students The Fastest Improving In The Nation". Tennessee Newsroom.
- ↑ "National Center for Education Statistics". U.S. Department of Education.
- ↑ "The Condition of College & Career Readiness 2013: Tennessee" (PDF). ACT.
- ↑ Lisa Fingeroot (Feb 28, 2013). "TN Education Commissioner Kevin Huffman says charters can serve better". The Tennessean. Nashville.
- ↑ Joey Garrison (September 23, 2012). "Great Hearts: How charter operator lost, the political fallout and what happens now". Nashville City Paper.
- ↑ "Tennessee Public Charter Schools Dashboard". National Alliance for Public Charter Schools.
- ↑ "Tennessee State Policy Report" (PDF). National Association of Charter School Authorizers.
- ↑ "2014 TCAP State Results". TDOE.
- ↑ "Tennessee Differentiated Pay". TDOE.
- ↑ "Tennessee Trains 30,000 Teachers in the Common Core State Standards". U.S. Department of Education, Progress Blog.
- 1 2 Amanda Ripley (November 26, 2008). "Rhee Tackles Classroom Challenge". Time . Archived from the original on November 28, 2008.