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Field Marshal Khalifa Belqasim Haftar is a Libyan politician,military officer,and the commander of the Tobruk-based Libyan National Army (LNA). On 2 March 2015,he was appointed commander of the armed forces loyal to the elected legislative body,the Libyan House of Representatives.
The Libyan Armed Forces or the Libyan Arab Armed Forces are,in principle,the state organisation responsible for the military defence of Libya,including ground,air and naval forces.
The Libyan Army is the brand for a number of separate military forces in Libya,which were under the command of the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA).
The Libyan National Army or the Libyan National Arab Army is a component of Libya's military forces which were nominally a unified national force under the command of Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar when he was nominated to the role on 2 March 2015 by the House of Representatives,consisting at the time of a ground force,an air force and a navy.
From 2014 to 2020,a multilateral civil war was fought in Libya between different armed groups,but mainly the House of Representatives (HoR) and the Government of National Accord.
The Libyan House of Representatives (HoR) is the legislature of Libya resulting from the 2014 Libyan parliamentary election,which had an 18% turnout. In late 2014,following the failed coup attempt to take over the capital Tripoli in the context of the Libyan Civil War,the House of Representatives relocated itself to Tobruk in the far east of Libya. Several HoR sessions were held in Tripoli in May 2019 while Tripoli was under armed attack,electing an Interim Speaker for 45 days. Between 2014 and 2021,the House of Representatives supported the Tobruk-based government led by Abdullah al-Thani before supporting the incumbent Government of National Unity led by Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh. In September 2021,the House of Representatives passed a no-confidence motion against the interim GNU government.
Fayez Mustafa al-Sarraj is a Libyan politician who served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya and Head of Government of the Government of National Accord from 2016 to 2021,which was formed on 17 December 2015 under the Libyan Political Agreement. He has been a member of the Parliament of Tripoli.
The Government of National Accord was an interim government for Libya that was formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement,a United Nations–led initiative,signed on 17 December 2015. The agreement was unanimously endorsed by the United Nations Security Council,which welcomed the formation of a Presidency Council for Libya and recognized the Government of National Accord as the sole legitimate executive authority in Libya. On 31 December 2015,Chairman of the Libyan House of Representatives,Aguila Saleh Issa declared his support for the Libyan Political Agreement. The General National Congress has criticized the GNA on multiple fronts as biased in favor of its rival parliament the House of Representatives.
The High Council of State,is an advisory body for Libya formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement which was signed on 17 December 2015. The agreement resulted from United Nations supported peace talks and has been unanimously endorsed by the Security Council. The High Council of State is able to advise the interim Government of National Accord (GNA) and the House of Representatives (HoR),currently based in Tobruk,and can express a binding opinion on these bodies under certain circumstances. The members of the council were nominated by remaining members of the General National Congress who in 2014 were not elected to the HoR.
This is a detailed timeline of the Libyan civil war (2014–2020) which lasted from 2014 to 2020.
Clashes occurred in western Libya since 14 October 2016,when a coup d'état attempt was conducted by the former head of the National Salvation Government (GNS),Khalifa al-Ghawil,against Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj,the head of Libya's Government of National Accord (GNA). This evolved into fighting between the GNA and GNS for control of Tripoli and parts of western Libya,while pro-GNA militias also attacked other militias for control of the region.
The Libyan presidential election had originally been planned for 10 December 2018,but was delayed due to Khalifa Haftar's Western Libya campaign. The election was thereafter scheduled to be held on 24 December 2021 but was indefinitely postponed after the head of the High National Election Commission (HNEC) ordered the dissolution of the electoral committees nationwide.
The Palermo Conference was a two-day long conference which took place in Palermo,Italy on 12–13 November 2018 to discuss United Nations policy concerning Libya. Organized by Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte,it was attended by delegations from 38 countries,including Russia,the United States,Egypt,Tunisia,Turkey,as well as representatives of many rival Libyan factions fighting for power in the country.
In late January 2019,the Libyan National Army (LNA) led by Marshal Khalifa Haftar launched an offensive to take control of the city of Sabha and the rest of southern Libya from the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA) and local factions. Officially,the LNA announced that the reason for the operation was to remove terrorists,Chadian rebel groups,and to secure the border,but it has expanded Haftar's territorial control and acquired him oil fields near Sabha. It has also restarted some interethnic conflicts as the LNA has allied with local Arab tribes,while the Tuareg and Toubou tribal militias are loyal to the GNA.
The Western Libya campaign was a military campaign initiated on 4 April 2019 by the Operation Flood of Dignity of the Libyan National Army,which represents the Libyan House of Representatives,to capture the western region of Libya and eventually the capital Tripoli held by the United Nations Security Council-recognised Government of National Accord. The Government of National Accord regained control over all of Tripoli in June 2020 and the LNA forces withdrew from the capital,after fourteen months of fighting.
Fathi Ali Abdul Salam Bashagha,known simply as "Fathi Bashagha" or occasionally Fathi Ali Pasha,is a Libyan politician and the former interim prime minister of Government of National Stability. He served as Minister of Interior from 2018 to 2021.
The Libyan peace process was a series of meetings,agreements and actions that aimed to resolve the Second Libyan Civil War. Among these were the Skhirat agreement of December 2015 and the plans for the Libyan National Conference in April 2019 that were delayed because of the 2019–20 Western Libya campaign.
Events in Libya in 2020
Stephanie Turco Williams is an American diplomat. As of January 2020,Williams is the deputy head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) for political affairs.
Lev Leonidovich Dengov is a Russian-Belarusian entrepreneur and businessman. Chairman of the Board of the Russian-Libyan Trade House.
References
- 1 2 "Khalid Al-Mishri elected to replace Al-Swahili as Head of Libya High Council of State". Libya Observer. 8 April 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ↑ "As Libya marks 64th independence anniversary, UN envoy urges unity behind new Government". UN News. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ↑ Libya rivals arrive for Italy summit after December election shelved. Reuters . Published 11 November 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ↑ Al-Mishri reviews Libya's crisis with Qatari Emir. Libya Observer. Published 5 March 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ↑ HCS head holds talks with Russian officials in Moscow prior to UN-backed National Conference. Libya Observer. Published 19 March 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ↑ HCS head discusses with Turkish President developments of war on Tripoli. Libya Observer. Published 20 April 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.