| Crimean-Circassian War (1571) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Crimean-Circassian Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Crimean Khanate |  Kabardia (East Circassia) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Devlet I Giray | Temroqwa Idar † Mashoqwa (POW) Bulat-Djery (POW) | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 130.000+ | Unknown | ||||||
The Kuban War or Crimean-Circassian War of 1571 was a military conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Kabardian Principality. [1] [2]
Kabardian prince Temroqwa believed that the only way for Kabardian independence was to ally with Russia. Ivan the Terrible supported Temroqwa's goal to extend his power inside Circassia and to unify the lands of Circassians under his reign. Temroqwa established a fort in Mozdok that enabled the Circassian and Russian forces to perform joint training. Ossetian and Ingushetian lands, as well as the Turkic people, became subjects of the Kabardian raising power. Temroqwa's expansion extended towards the Georgian kingdoms in the south. [1]
In 1570, the Tatars swept and burned Moscow. [3] [4] During their retreat, as revenge for having relations with Russia, Tatar forces marched towards northwestern Circassia in 1571. [1]
Temroqwa, against the advice of his counsellors, launched a counterattack. A battle took place on the banks of the Kuban where Temroqwa was killed and two of his sons, Mashoqwa and Bulat-Djery, were captured. [1] [2]
Circassia, also known as Zichia, was a country and a historical region in the North Caucasus. Located along the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, it was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864), after which approximately 90% of the Circassian people were either exiled or massacred in the Circassian genocide.
Balkars are a Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.
The Circassians or Circassian people, also called Cherkess or Adyghe are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation who originated in Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire during the Russo-Circassian War in the 19th century, most of the Circassian people were exiled from their ancestral homeland and consequently began living in what was then the Ottoman Empire—that is, modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East. In the early 1990s, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries.
The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds constituted a core of the Nogai Horde.
Grand Principality of Great Kabarda or East Circassia was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and existed as a political community from the fifteenth century until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century after the Russo-Circassian War.
The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in 1763 (O.S) with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal, and ending 100 years, 10 months and 6 days later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S), making it exhausting and casualty-heavy for both sides. The Russo-Circassian War was the longest war both Russia and Circassia have ever fought and the longest war in the Caucasus region.
The Natukhaj are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Their areas historically extended along the Black Sea coast from Anapa in the north to Tsemes Bay in the south and from the north side of the mountains to the lower Kuban River.
The Besleney are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to Kabardians. The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan,, who established his own tribe of the same name.
The Kanzhal War or Crimean-Circassian War of 1708 was military conflict in 1708 fought between 7,000 Circassians led by Kurgoqo Atajuq and 160,000–185,000+ Crimean Tatars led by Qaplan I Giray, which resulted in Circassian victory. It played a big role in decreasing foreign influence in Circassia. In 2013, the Russian Academy of Sciences described the battle as "an important event in the history of Circassians". It was fought near the village of Bylym on the Baksan River.
Hajji Jabagh Qazanoqo was a Kabardian Circassian philosopher, Islamic scholar, poet, military strategist, politician and diplomat who supported the idea of a united and fully independent Northern Caucasus, laying the ideological foundation for the MRNC.
Kurgoqo Atajuq was the Kabardian Supreme Prince between 1695 and 1709.
Temryuk Idar or Temroqwa Idar was a prince of the Circassian Kabardian princedom and its head of power for part of the sixteenth century. His fame was largely due to the association of his name with the alliance with Ivan IV and the marriage of his daughter, Maria Temryukovna. When Temryuk came to power, he put down the revolts of the disputing princes, and helped Circassia become a military power within the North Caucasus.
The Temryuk War or Crimean-Circassian War of 1551–1556 was a military conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Kabardian Principality.
Misost Bematiqwa was a member of the Kabardian royal family and the Atajuq family. He was the Grand Prince between 1785 and 1788.
Inal, who then ruled Western Circassia, organized a campaign to Eastern Circassia in 1434 and established the Kabardia province, named after his military general, Kabard. Inal organized a new campaign to the north in 1438 and drove out the Turkic nomads near the Circassian settlements north of the Kuban River along the Ten River and expanded his borders to modern-day Azov. He also entered Abkhazia and cleared it of Georgians
At the end of the 14th century, the situation in the North Caucasus was favorable for the Adyghe: after Timur's campaign, the Golden Horde collapsed, which allowed the Adyghe to act actively. The Adyghe began a reconquest in the northern part of the Caucasus under the leadership of Prince Inal. Under his leadership, the Adyghe liberated the territory from Genoese and Tatar fortifications, restoring control over the foothills of the region.
The Nalchik War or Crimean–Circassian War of 1720–1721 was a military conflict between the Crimean Khanate and the Kabardian Principality.
The Crimean-Circassian Wars were a series of military conflicts that took place in the 1414-1721 centuries between the Crimean people and the Circassian people. These wars were part of a wider conflict between the Crimean Khan and Circassia