The Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex (KNFC) is a nuclear fuel manufacturing and fabrication plant located in Kundian in Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan. [1]
The plant is owned by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), which manufactures and, henceforth, supplies the nuclear fuel bundles and reactor cores to the nation's commercial nuclear power plant. It has an annual capacity of producing 24 megatonnes (2.4×1010 kg) of natural uranium oxide fuel as well as zirconium alloy cladding and reactor core components.: 115 [2]
The Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex was established by the scientists and engineers working at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (Pinstech) in 1978. [3] Its establishment came after the Pakistani scientists discovered the heavy amounts of zirconium in the sandy beaches of Balochistan; the facility was established in Kundian in Mianwali District, Punjab, to separate other elements to procure the pure form of zirconium.: 115 [2] The nuclear reprocessing and experimental metallurgy of zirconium took place under Pinstech lab in its year early before the technology of nuclear fuel cycle was completely transferred to Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex. [2]
The Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex has an annual capacity of producing the 24 megatonnes (2.4×1010 kg) of natural uranium oxide fuel, which has allowed the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) to run the grid operations of the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) without the Canadian assistance at its full capacity.: 115 The Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex manufactures 1500 Beryllium, Zirconium, and other metal oxide nuclear fuel bundles for Karachi Nuclear Power Plant as well as manufacturing the zirconium alloy cladding and reactor core components.: 115
According to the Pakistani government statistics, the indigenous nuclear fuel had saved Pakistan US$ 40 million years, with one PAEC mineralogist noting that: "Pakistan produced the first ton of [purified] uranium oxide and metal before it produced the first ton of copper or any other mineral using the local ore and indigenously developed technologies.: 115
The Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex is located near the location of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant. [3] [4]
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Chashma is located in Mianwali District near Kundian, Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated at the left bank of the river Indus, in close proximity of the Koh-i-Suleiman mountain range. Chashma is famous for the well-known Chashma Barrage built on the Indus River. Also nearby is the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, with two units of 300 megawatt CHASHNUPP-1 and CHASHNUPP-2 and two 325 megawatt CHASHNUPP-3 and CHASHNUPP-4. The four units of Chashma are amongst the best performing electricity generating plants in the country, in terms of endurance and availability.
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Kundian, is the 2nd largest city of District Mianwali, tehsil Piplan in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Its population is near 50,000. This is divided into Kundian Katcha & Pacca units with total population of 150,000. Kundian Jn. railway station start operation in August 1887.
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Munir Ahmad Khan, NI, HI, FPAS, was a Pakistani nuclear reactor physicist who is credited, among others, with being the "father of the atomic bomb program" of Pakistan for their leading role in developing their nation's nuclear weapons during the successive years after the war with India in 1971.
Parvez Butt, is a Pakistani mechanical engineer and public official who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission from 2001 till 2006.
Ansar Pervaiz, also spelled as, HI, is a Pakistani scientist and a nuclear engineer who was the former chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), and former chairman of the Board of Governors of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Pervaiz is widely given credit for establishing the nuclear engineering, nuclear physics and nuclear technology institutes within Pakistan.
Project-706, also known as Project-786 was the codename of a research and development program to develop Pakistan's first nuclear weapons. The program was initiated by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1974 in response to the Indian nuclear tests conducted in May 1974. During the course of this program, Pakistani nuclear scientists and engineers developed the requisite nuclear infrastructure and gained expertise in the extraction, refining, processing and handling of fissile material with the ultimate goal of designing a nuclear device. These objectives were achieved by the early 1980s with the first successful cold test of a Pakistani nuclear device in 1983. The two institutions responsible for the execution of the program were the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and the Kahuta Research Laboratories, led by Munir Ahmed Khan and Abdul Qadeer Khan respectively. In 1976 an organization called Special Development Works (SDW) was created within the Pakistan Army, directly under the Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan) (COAS). This organization worked closely with PAEC and KRL to secretly prepare the nuclear test sites in Baluchistan and other required civil infrastructure.
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Iqbal Hussain Qureshi 27 September 1937 – 8 December 2012) SI, FPAS, best known as I.H. Qureshi, was a Pakistani nuclear chemist and an Emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi. Qureshi was the principal contributor of scientific understanding of various chemical elements: bismuth, cobalt, strontium, thallium, tritium, iron, rubidium, and zinc.
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