Lancaster Martyrs

Last updated

During the English Reformation, a number of believers were executed at Lancaster in England as a consequence of their Catholic faith. They are commonly referred to as the Lancaster Martyrs and are commemorated locally by the Lancaster Martyrs Memorial Stone which may be found close to the centre of Lancaster city.

Contents

Law at the time, such as the Jesuits, etc. Act 1584, made it treason to be a Catholic priest in England and therefore Catholic priests were typically hanged, drawn and quartered. Laymen convicted of assisting priests were usually sentenced to the lesser punishment of execution by hanging.

List of the Lancaster Martyrs

The Lancaster Martyrs include the following individuals:

The last Abbot of Whalley Abbey, John Paslew and the last Abbot of Sawley Abbey, William Trafford [1] along with a monk by the name of Richard Estegate [2] are also believed to have been executed at Lancaster on 10 March 1537 after being tried for complicity in the Pilgrimage of Grace, although there are some claims that Paslew was taken back to Whalley for execution. [3] [4] Whilst there is a tradition of considering them among Catholic martyrs of the English reformation, [5] they are not formally listed among those martyrs that have had their cause advanced through the canonisation process of the Catholic church.

Lancaster Martyrs' Memorial Stone

Inscription on the Lancaster Martyrs' Memorial Stone LanMMS.jpg
Inscription on the Lancaster Martyrs' Memorial Stone

The executions were not carried out on the same spot and their precise sites on Far Moor, to the East of the city, were never formally recorded in order to avoid any future veneration of martyrs by Catholics. However, a memorial standing in the approximate vicinity of at least some of the executions was eventually erected in 1996 and blessed in front of a crowd of several hundred people. It is located in what is now recreation ground (opposite Williamson Park and North of Quernmore Road) on a hillside above the Catholic Cathedral of St Peter and St Thomas More, looking out towards the panorama of Morecambe Bay and the mountains of the Lake District.

The Lancaster Martyrs' Memorial Stone is dedicated "to the memory of those Martyred for their faith in Lancaster". It includes a quotation from the Gospel of Matthew (20:22): "Can you drink the Chalice that I am about to drink? They said to Him, we can." [6]

Canonisation and Beatification of the Martyrs

Numerous men and women killed during the reformation period have been officially recognised as martyrs of the English reformation by the Catholic Church.

Two of the Lancaster Martyrs, Edmund Arrowsmith and Ambrose Barlow, were among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales canonised by Pope Paul VI as saints on 25 October 1970.

James Bell, John Finch, and Richard Hurst were among one hundred and thirty seven martyrs of England and Wales beatified by Pope Pius XI on 15 December 1929.

Edward Bamber, John Thules, Robert Nutter, Thurstan Hunt, Robert Middleton, Thomas Whitaker, John Woodcock, Edward Thwing and Roger Wrenno were among eight five martyrs of England and Wales beatified by Pope John Paul II on 22 November 1987.

Lawrence Bailey has not been canonised as a saint or beatified. However he has been declared as "venerable", [7] a lower status in the canonisation process. Abbot John Paslew, Abbot William Trafford and Richard Estegate have not had their cause advanced to the Holy See.

Feast of the Lancaster Martyrs

The Catholic church marks the feast of the Lancaster Martyrs on 7 August. This feast is usually celebrated in the Catholic Cathedral of Lancaster on that day. A specific collect for the feast day reads:

"Almighty Father, may those who died on the hill above Lancaster, grieving for England which they prayed God soon to convert, be our patrons now in heaven that our lives may witness to the faith they professed. Through Our Lord Jesus Christ, who lvies and reigns with you in unity of the Holy Spirit, one God forever and ever. Amen"

The feast of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, which include Edmund Arrowsmith and Ambrose Barlow among their number, is celebrated on 25 October.

Related Research Articles

William Gibson was a layman from Ripon in Yorkshire, England, a member of a noble Scottish family, who was executed at York for professing the Roman Catholic faith. He is honoured as a martyr by the Catholic Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</span> Catholics martyred during the Reformation

The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales or Cuthbert Mayne and Thirty-Nine Companion Martyrs are a group of Catholic, lay and religious, men and women, executed between 1535 and 1679 for treason and related offences under various laws enacted by Parliament during the English Reformation. The individuals listed range from Carthusian monks who in 1535 declined to accept Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, to seminary priests who were caught up in the alleged Popish Plot against Charles II in 1679. Many were sentenced to death at show trials, or with no trial at all.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmund Arrowsmith</span> British Jesuit saint

Edmund Arrowsmith, SJ was one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales of the Catholic Church. The main source of information on Arrowsmith is a contemporary account written by an eyewitness and published a short time after his death. This document, conforming to the ancient style of the "Acts of martyrs" includes the story of the execution of another 17th-century recusant martyr, Richard Herst.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Twenge</span> English Roman Catholic saint

John Twenge (1320–1379) is an English saint of the 14th century. In his lifetime he enjoyed a reputation for great holiness and for miraculous powers. St John of Bridlington was commended for the integrity of his life, his scholarship, and his quiet generosity. He was the last English saint to be canonised before the English Reformation.

Philip Evans and John Lloyd were Welsh Roman Catholic priests. They are among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.

The Dryburne Martyrs: Richard Hill, Richard Holiday, John Hogg and Edmund Duke were English Roman Catholic priests and martyrs, executed at Dryburne, County Durham, in the reign of Elizabeth I. They were beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1987.

The Douai Martyrs is a name applied by the Catholic Church to 158 Catholic priests trained in the English College at Douai, France, who were executed by the English state between 1577 and 1680.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Catholic Martyrs</span> Irish Catholic men and women martyed by English monarch

Irish Catholic Martyrs were 24 Irish men and women who have been beatified or canonized for dying for their Catholic faith between 1537 and 1681 in Ireland. The canonisation of Oliver Plunkett in 1975 brought an awareness of the others who died for the Catholic faith in the 16th and 17th centuries. On 22 September 1992 Pope John Paul II proclaimed a representative group from Ireland as martyrs and beatified them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eighty-five martyrs of England and Wales</span>

The Eighty-five Martyrs of England and Wales, also known as George Haydock and Eighty-four Companion Martyrs, are a group of men who were executed on charges of treason and related offences in the Kingdom of England between 1584 and 1679. Of the eighty-five, seventy-five were executed under the Jesuits, etc. Act 1584.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur of Glastonbury</span>

Arthur of Glastonbury, according to some French sources, was an English Catholic in the sixteenth century. He was martyred during the period of King Henry VIII's suppression of the Catholic Church due to his refusal to accept the king's claim to spiritual leadership of the Church in England.

George Errington of Hurst Castle – from the minor gentry branch of Bingfield, St John Lee, Northumberland – was an English Roman Catholic layman who is honoured as a martyr by the Catholic Church.

Robert Nutter was an English Catholic priest, Dominican friar and martyr. He was beatified in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Belson</span> English Roman Catholic layman and martyr

Thomas Belson was an English Roman Catholic layman and martyr, beatified in 1987.

John Thulis (also spelt Thules, Thewlis) (c. 1568 – 18 March 1616) was an English Roman Catholic priest. He is a Catholic martyr, beatified in 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oaten Hill Martyrs</span> English Roman Catholic martyrs

The Oaten Hill Martyrs were Catholic Martyrs who were executed by hanging, drawing and quartering at Oaten Hill, Canterbury, on 1 October 1588. The gallows had been put up in 1576. These four were beatified by Pope Pius XI in 1929.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Carey (martyr)</span>

John Carey was martyred at Dorchester, Dorset, England for adherence to the Roman Catholic faith. His feast day is 4 July.

Henry Abbot was an English layman, himself a convert from the Church of England, who was executed at York for the alleged attempt to convert someone to the Catholic Church, which had been declared an act of treason under the Penal Laws enacted under Queen Elizabeth I. He is considered a martyr for the faith by the Catholic Church, which has beatified him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">One Hundred and Seven Martyrs of England and Wales</span> Group of beatified Catholic martyrs

One Hundred and Seven Martyrs of England and Wales, also known as Thomas Hemerford and One Hundred and Six Companion Martyrs, are a group of clergy and laypersons who were executed on charges of treason and related offences in the Kingdom of England between 1541 and 1680. They are considered martyrs in the Roman Catholic Church and were beatified on 15 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI.

References

  1. "Houses of Cistercian monks: Sawley | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  2. Knowles, David; Knowles, Dom David (27 September 1979). The Religious Orders in England. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521295680.
  3. "The Last Abbot Of Whalley. - from the Tablet Archive". archive.thetablet.co.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  4. "The Last Abbot Of Whalley. To The Editor Of The Tablet. - from the Tablet Archive". archive.thetablet.co.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  5. "Was Abbot Paslew A Martyr? - from the Tablet Archive". archive.thetablet.co.uk. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  6. "Matthew 20:22 "You don't know what you are asking," Jesus said to them. "Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?" "We can," they answered". biblehub.com. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  7. "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: English Confessors and Marytrs (1534-1729)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 9 February 2016.