Laterza culture

Last updated
Laterza culture
Horizon Chalcolithic
Geographical range Southern Italy
Period2950-2350 BC
Preceded by Neolithic Italy
Followed by Bell Beaker culture

The Laterza culture or Laterza-Cellino San Marco culture is an Eneolithic culture in Southern Italy. It takes its name from the tombs discovered in the locality of Laterza, near Taranto, and Cellino San Marco, near Brindisi, in Apulia. It developed in Apulia and Basilicata, and to a lesser extent of Central Italy in the 3rd millennium BC, around 2950-2350 BC. As with many of the cultures of the late prehistoric period, it is known essentially from the style of pottery recovered from archaeological digs. The culture was defined in 1967 by Francesco Biancofiore, following research in a necropolis of the same name situated to the north-west of the city of Taranto, in southern Apulia. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

For a long while this culture was only documented in a few essentially funerary sites. [4] [5] Recent research of large sites, particularly near Rome and others in northern Campania, have extended knowledge of the homes of the culture. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Chronology and geographic distribution

The chronology of this cultura has been established thanks to recent discoveries. [10] [11] [12] [13] The culture developed between 2900 and 2300 B.C.. It appeared in central Puglia, Basilicata and on the Tyhrennian shore of Campania and Lazio were the most ancient finds have been discovered. In these last two regions Laterza characteristics overlap with and replace the last manifestations of the Gaudo culture. [14] [15] [16] In some cases these two cultures overlap in the same site, as in Salve, in southern Puglia. [17]

The influence of the Laterza Culture is seen in areas distant from its original territory as evidenced by decoration of pottery. In the necropoli di Selvicciola, a site in northern Lazio attributed to the Rinaldone culture, a jug of Laterza type was discovered. [18] Laterza type decorations are also present in the ceramics of other localities of Central Italy, [19] for example at Maddalena di Muccia in Marche. [20] [21] In Osteria del Curato-via Cinquefrondi, on the periphery of Rome, a tomb was discovered which contained three different styles of pottery: Gaudo, Rinaldone and Laterza. [7]

In Agro romano the Laterza Culture gave birth to the Ortucchio culture (which evolved between 2670 and 2550 B.C. principally from the influence of and contact with Bell Beaker culture [10] ) while in other areas it ceased to exist. In Pantano Borghese, near Rome, a site assigned to an advanced state of the Laterza Culture was discovered, contemporaneous with neighbouring sites of the Ortucchio culture. According to scholars it is a cultural enclave which survived in the area. [10] [22]

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References

  1. ↑ (in Italian) Biancofiore F., "La necropoli Eneolitica di Laterza, origini e sviluppo dei gruppi "protoappenninici" in Apulia", in Origini, vol. I (1967), pp 195-300
  2. ↑ (in Italian) Biancofiore F., 1971, Origini e sviluppo delle civiltà preclassiche nell'Italia sud-orientale, Origini, vol. 5, p. 193-309
  3. ↑ (in French) Cipolloni Sampo M., Calattini M., Palma di Cesnola A., Cassano S., Radina F., Bianco S., Marino D. A., Gorgoglione M. A., Bailo Modesti G., avec la collaboration de Grifoni Cremonesi R., 1998, L’Italie du Sud, in Guilaine J., Atlas du Néolithique européen. L’Europe occidentale, E.R.A.U.L., vol. 46, Paris, p. 9-112
  4. ↑ (in Italian) Ceccanti M., Cocchi D., 1980, Aspetti del primo Eneolitico pugliese, Studi per l’Ecologia del Quaternario, vol. 2, p. 181-185
  5. ↑ (in Italian) Biancofiore F., 1979, La civiltà Eneolitica di Laterza, in Adamsteanu D., Biancofiore F., Cremonesi G., D’Andria F., Geniola A., Palma di Cesnola A., La Puglia dal Paleolitico al Tardoromano, Milan, p. 128-149
  6. ↑ (in Italian) Anzidei A. P., Zarattini A., "Il Neolitico e l’Eneolitico nel Lazio centro-meridionale. Aspetti culturali e scelte insediamenti", in Bietti A., Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Atti della XL Riunione Scientifica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre – 3 dicembre 2005, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. 1 (2007), pp 79-100
  7. 1 2 (in Italian) Anzidei A. P., Carboni G., Castagna M. A., Celant A., Cianca M., Egidi R., Favorito S., Funiciello R., Giordano G., Malvone M., Tagliacozzo A., 2007, L’abitato eneolitico di Osteria del Curato-via Cinquefrondi : nuovi dati sulle facies archeologiche di Laterza e Ortucchio nel territorio di Roma, in Bietti A., Strategie di insediamento fra Lazio e Campania in età preistorica e protostorica, Atti della XL Riunione Scientifica, Roma, Napoli, Pompei, 30 novembre – 3 dicembre 2005, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. 2, p. 477-508
  8. ↑ (in Italian) Fugazzola Delpino M. A., Salerno A., Tagliacozzo A., Tiné V., Vanzetti A., "Una comunità della facies di Laterza nella pianura campana: L'area "Forum" di Gricignano – US NAVY (CE)", in Bernabò Brea M., Bietti Sestieri A. M., Cardarelli A., Cocchi Genick D., Grifoni Cremonesi R., Pacciarelli M., Le comunità della preistoria italiana, studi e ricerche sul neolitico e le Età dei Metalli, Castello di Lipari, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Atti della XXXV Riunione Scientifica, Chiesa di S. Caterina, 2-7 giugno 2000, 2 vol., Florence, vol. 1 (2003), pp 199-214
  9. ↑ (in Italian) Anzidei A. P., Carboni G., "Nuovi contesti funerari eneolitici dal territorio di Roma", in Martini F., La cultura del morire nella società preistoriche e protostoriche italiane, Origines, Florence (2007), pp 177-186
  10. 1 2 3 (in Italian) Carboni G., Anzidei A. P., 2013, L’Eneolitico recente e finale nel Lazio centro-meridionale: una puntualizzazione sullo sviluppo e la durata di alcuni aspetti culturali sulla base delle più recenti datazioni radiometriche, in Cocchi Genick D., Cronologia assoluta e relativa dell’Età del Rame in Italia, Atti dell’Incontro di Studi, Università di Verona, 25 giugno 2013, Qui Edit, Verona, Vol. I, p. 91-118
  11. ↑ (in Italian) Passariello I., Talamo P., D’Onofrio A., Barta P., Lubritto C., Terrasi F., 2010, Contribution of Radiocarbon Dating to the Chronology of Eneolithic in Campania (Italy), Geochronometria, vol. 35, p. 25-33
  12. ↑ Pacciarelli M., 2011, L’Eneolitico della Calabria tirrenica: nuovi dati sull’articolazione cronoculturale, Origini, vol. XXXIII, p. 249-302
  13. ↑ (in Italian) Talamo P., 2006, L’aspetto campano di Laterza in Irpinia, in Gravina A. (Ed), Atti del 26º Convegno nazionale sulla Preistoria – Protostoria – Storia della Daunia, San Severo 10-11 dicembre 2005, Archeoclub d’Italia, San Severo, p. 57-70
  14. ↑ (in Italian) Voza G., 1975, Considerazioni sul Neolitico e sull'Eneolitico in Campania, Atti della XVII Riunione Scientifica, Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, p. 51-84
  15. ↑ (in Italian) Bailo Modesti G., 1998, L’evidenzia di Pontecagnano, in Bailo Modesti G., Salerno A., 1998, Pontecagnano II, 5. La necropoli eneolitica, L'età del Rame in Campania nei villaggi dei morti, Annali dell'Istituto Orientale di Napoli, sezione di Archeologia e Storia Antica, quad. N. 11, Napoli, p. 31-82
  16. ↑ (in Italian) Talamo P., 2008, Le aree interne della Campana centro-settentrionale durante le fasi evolute dell’Eneolitico : osservazioni sulle dinamiche culturali, Origini, vol. XXX, p. 187-220
  17. ↑ (in Italian) Ingravallo E., Aprile G., Dell'Anna S., 2010, Notiziario – Masseria Profichi – Masseria Don Cesare (Salve, Prov. di Lecce), Rivista di Scienze Preistoriche, vol. LX, p. 388-389
  18. ↑ (in Italian) Cocchi Genick D., 2009, Correlazioni tra l’Eneolitico siciliano e peninsulare, Origini, vol. XXXI, p. 129-154
  19. ↑ (in French) Grifoni Cremonesi R., 2009, Quelques observations à propos de l’Âge du cuivre en Italie centrale, in De Méditerranée et d’ailleurs... Mélanges offerts à Jean Guilaine, Archives d’Écologie Préhistorique, Toulouse, p. 323-332
  20. ↑ (in Italian) Manfredini A., Carboni G., Conati Barbaro C., Silvestrini M., Fiorentino G., Corridi C., 2005, La frequentazione eneolitica di Maddalena di Muccia (Macerata), in Preistoria e Protostoria delle Marche, Atti della XXXVIII Riunione Scientifica, Portonovo, Abbadia di Fiastra 1-5 ottobre 2003,Istituto Italiano du Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. 1, p. 433-444
  21. ↑ (in Italian) Silvestrini M., Manfredini A., Radi G., 2005, L’abitato di Maddalena di Muccia (Macerata). Problemi e prospettive di ricerca, in Preistoria e Protostoria delle Marche, Atti della XXXVIII Riunione Scientifica, Portonovo, Abbadia di Fiastra 1-5 ottobre 2003,Istituto Italiano du Preistoria e Protostoria, Firenze, vol. 1, p. 221-229
  22. ↑ (in Italian) Tagliacozzo A., 2011, Pantano Borghese (Monte Compatri, Roma). Un insediamento preistorico nel territorio gabino, in Ghini G. (Ed), Settimo Incontro di Studi sul Lazio e la Sabina, Atti del Convegno, Roma, 9-11 marzo 2010, Lazio e Sabina, vol. 7, Edizioni Quasar, Roma, p. 189-201


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