The Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA),also referred to by proponents as the Marriage Protection Amendment,was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would legally define marriage as a union of one man and one woman. The FMA would also prevent judicial extension of marriage rights to same-sex (gay) or other unmarried homosexual couples.
Executive privilege is the right of the president of the United States and other members of the executive branch to maintain confidential communications under certain circumstances within the executive branch and to resist some subpoenas and other oversight by the legislative and judicial branches of government in pursuit of particular information or personnel relating to those confidential communications. The right comes into effect when revealing the information would impair governmental functions. Neither executive privilege nor the oversight power of Congress is explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution. However,the Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that executive privilege and congressional oversight each are a consequence of the doctrine of the separation of powers,derived from the supremacy of each branch in its area of constitutional activity.
Philip Jonathan Perry is an American attorney and was a political appointee in the administration of George W. Bush. He was acting associate attorney general at the Department of Justice,general counsel of the White House Office of Management and Budget,and general counsel of the Department of Homeland Security. He is a partner at Latham &Watkins in Washington,D.C.,and has served as lead counsel on many matters of national importance. He has handled matters before the U.S. Supreme Court,the U.S. Courts of Appeals,and U.S. District Courts across the country. He is known both for his work litigating biotechnology issues and his work on constitutional and federal regulatory matters. Perry was named a "Litigation Trailblazer" by The National Law Journal in 2018 for his "remarkable successes" in litigation,and has seen continued successes in 2019,2020,2021,2022,and 2023,winning cases in both federal appellate and trial courts. He also has substantial experience with Congressional investigations:he served as Senate Counsel to the Thompson Committee in 1997,and has also dealt with such investigations during his time in the Executive Branch and private practice. He is the husband of former Congresswoman Liz Cheney and the son-in-law of former Vice President Dick Cheney.
Dennis Wayne Shedd is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
Sandra Segal Ikuta is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Vanessa Lynne Bryant is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.
Federico A. Moreno is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.
Carolyn Barbara Kuhl is a judge on the Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles and a former nominee to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She became a Superior Court judge in 1995 and was nominated to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on June 22,2001,by President George W. Bush.
Karin Johanna Immergut is an American lawyer serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.
Carol Ann Bagley Amon is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
Michael Joseph Melloy is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
William Marion Skretny is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York.
David Boris Rivkin,Jr. is an American attorney,political writer,and conservative media commentator on matters of constitutional and international law,as well as foreign and defense policy. Rivkin has gained national recognition as a representative of conservative viewpoints,frequently testifying before congressional committees,and appearing as an analyst and commentator on a variety of television and radio stations. He is a visiting fellow at the Center for the National Interest,and a recipient of the U.S. Naval Proceedings Annual Alfred Thayer Mahan Award for the best maritime affairs article. He is a fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies,and is a former member of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
Alison Julie Nathan is an American lawyer who has served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit since 2022. She served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 2011 to 2022. She previously served as associate White House counsel for President Barack Obama.
Jon Steven Tigar is an American lawyer serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. He was previously a California state court judge on the Alameda County Superior Court from 2002 to 2013.
Lynn Jeanne Bush is a senior judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims,appointed to that court in 1998 by President Bill Clinton.
John Kenneth Bush is an American attorney and United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Bush graduated from Harvard Law School and practiced in Washington,D.C.,and Louisville,Kentucky,where he served as president of the local branch of the Federalist Society. In 2017,he was nominated to a seat on the Sixth Circuit by President Donald Trump.
Andrew Stephen Oldham is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and former General Counsel to Texas Governor Greg Abbott.
Jonathan Allen Kobes is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.
Kenneth Kiyul Lee is a South Korean-born American lawyer and jurist who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
