Layton & Johnstone | |
---|---|
Background information | |
Origin | New York City |
Years active | 1922 | –1935
Labels | Columbia Records |
Past members |
|
Layton & Johnstone were an American vocal and piano duo in the 1920s and 1930s, consisting of Turner Layton and Clarence "Tandy" Johnstone. After forming in New York City in 1922, they moved to England two years later and met with immediate success. Between 1924 and 1935, they sold over 10 million records. [1] They appeared at top venues in London, Paris and across Europe, and gave command performances for the British royal family on numerous occasions. They also appeared frequently on BBC Radio. The duo disbanded in 1935 after Clarence "Tandy" Johnstone became involved in a highly publicized divorce scandal.
John Turner Layton Jr. (2 July 1894 – 6 February 1978) was born in Washington, D.C., and in 1916 moved to New York City, where he soon formed a successful songwriting team with Henry Creamer. Clarence Nathaniel "Tandy" Johnstone (1885 – 1953) [1] was an orthopedic surgeon from Manhattan who also worked as an entertainer. [2] After Layton's songwriting partnership with Creamer ended in 1922, he turned his attention to performing. Johnstone, speaking with a newspaper reporter in 1948, gave his version of meeting Layton and forming the duo. "It was in 1922, at the Biltmore Hotel, that I met Turner Layton. He was well known and was looking for a partner whose voice blended with his. We ran through 'Japanese Sandman'—and the team of Layton and Johnstone was born. It was a natural." [3] The two performed in Harlem and at private parties for wealthy patrons that included members of the Astor and Vanderbilt families. In a 1984 article for The Black Perspective in Music, Henry Robsinon wrote that Layton & Johnstone "followed their clients to Palm Beach in the winter and to Newport in the summer, returning to New York for the autumn and spring." [4] In Florida, Lord and Lady Mountbatten heard them perform and convinced them to go to England.
Layton & Johnstone arrived in England in 1924, performing at exclusive London clubs such as the Kit Kat and large venues like The Coliseum and The Holborn Empire. One of their fans was Edward, Prince of Wales, who would later become King Edward VIII. Robinson states, "The Prince took a liking to the talented pair and on several occasions invited them to entertain at his residence, St. James's Palace." [4]
The duo also had successful engagements at major theatres across Europe, including Berlin, Brussels and in Paris at the Salle Pleyel. They were frequent performers on BBC Radio and appeared in a motion picture in 1931. [2]
They recorded extensively for the British imprint of Columbia Records, scoring major hits with such songs as "All Alone," "(You Forgot to) Remember" and "Sonny Boy," the latter selling over a million copies. [1] Peter Martland has stated that Layton & Johnstone were "amongst the most successful and prolific recording artists active in Britain during the period 1918 to 1931." [5] A British review of Layton & Johnstone from 1924 said, "One partner is at the piano but both sing, and their vocal work is of capital quality, harmonies being delightfully done." [6] Their performing and recording repertoire included many tunes that would become standards in the Great American Songbook, along with spirituals, blues, show tunes and other popular songs of the day. They recorded early versions of songs by composers such as Irving Berlin, George and Ira Gershwin, and Cole Porter.
In his book, Harlem in Montmartre, William A. Shack says, "Layton and Johnstone displayed a refined musical technique different from that of other black artists appearing in popular clubs in London and Paris. Their mixed repertoire of songs, including 'Dinah,' 'Hallelujah,' 'My Blue Heaven,' and 'Every Sunday Afternoon,' combined a touch of jazz with a nod toward Negro spirituals.... It was jazz in a form unusual for its time." [2]
In 1934, Clarence Johnstone became embroiled in a highly publicized divorce case, involving the wife of the popular orchestra leader and violinist Albert Sandler. The interracial affair caused a stir in England, leading the judge in the divorce case to warn the jury that when deciding damages, they must "get out of their heads any idea of vindictiveness because of colour." [7] After finishing out their existing recording and performing contracts, Layton & Johnstone broke up the act in 1935.
Afterwards, Turner Layton had a successful solo career, remaining in England until his death in 1978. Clarence Johnstone eventually married Raymonde Gilberte Defly Sandler in December 1935. He began a new partnership with Jules Bledsoe in early 1936, but the act broke up shortly thereafter. Johnstone and his wife eventually returned to New York City, where he died in 1953. [8]
In recent years, the duo's music has found popularity from a more modern audience after many of their works (including "The Wedding of the Painted Doll", "Anytime, Anywhere", "Alabamy Bound", "Say it Isn't So" and many more) were sampled by The Caretaker in his albums An Empty Bliss Beyond This World and Everywhere at the End of Time.
Sidney Joseph Bechet was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
Henry Sterling Creamer was a popular song lyricist and theater producer. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, and died in New York. He co-wrote many popular songs in the years from 1900 to 1929, often collaborating with Turner Layton, with whom he also appeared in vaudeville. He was African American.
Black Swan Records was an American jazz and blues record label founded in 1921 in Harlem, New York. It was the first widely distributed label to be owned, operated, and marketed to African Americans. Founded by Harry Pace with W.C. Handy, Black Swan Records was established to give African Americans more creative liberties. Eighteen months earlier, in 1919, the Broome Special Phonograph Records was the earliest label owned and operated by African American George W. Broome in Medford, Massachusetts, featuring Black classical musicians including Harry T. Burleigh and Edward Boatner. Black Swan was revived in the 1990s for CD reissues of its historic jazz and blues recordings.
John Henry Hammond Jr. was an American record producer, civil rights activist, and music critic active from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a talent scout, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th-century popular music. He is the father of blues musician John P. Hammond.
Adelaide Louise Hall was an American-born UK-based jazz singer and entertainer. Her career spanned more than 70 years from 1921 until her death. Early in her career, she was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance; she became based in the UK after 1938. Hall entered the Guinness Book of World Records in 2003 as the world's most enduring recording artist, having released material over eight consecutive decades. She performed with major artists such as Art Tatum, Ethel Waters, Josephine Baker, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Cab Calloway, Fela Sowande, Rudy Vallee, and Jools Holland, and recorded as a jazz singer with Duke Ellington and with Fats Waller.
William Johnson Coleman was an American jazz trumpeter.
Clarence "Tex" Walker was an American rhythm and blues musician, who was the lead singer with Bill Pinkney's Original Drifters and The Coasters. After touring Europe with Big Joe Turner, Walker appeared at the Bishopstock Blues Festival, before forming his own group in London, The Walker Street Blues Band, and recording Blues in Black, which was released to critical acclaim in Britain. Walker made the UK his home and performed numerous gigs and concerts there. In his later years he lived in Oxford, England. Walker died of a heart attack on August 8, 2007. He had the attack in the King's Arms Hotel at Woodstock, Oxfordshire, and died four days later.
Unforgettable is an album by American jazz guitarist Joe Pass, released posthumously in 1998.
Turner Layton, born John Turner Layton, Jr., was an African American songwriter, singer and pianist. He frequently worked with Henry Creamer.
Count Basie Meets Oscar Peterson – The Timekeepers is a 1978 album by Oscar Peterson and Count Basie. It was recorded on February 21-22, 1978.
Yessir, That's My Baby is a 1978 album by Oscar Peterson and Count Basie.
"Way Down Yonder in New Orleans" is a popular song with music by John Turner Layton Jr. and lyrics by Henry Creamer. First published in 1922, it was advertised by Creamer and Layton as "A Southern Song, without A Mammy, A Mule, Or A Moon", a dig at some of the Tin Pan Alley clichés of the era.
Henry Crowder (1890–1955) was an American jazz musician. He was an important figure in the European jazz culture of his time.
Dinah Sings Bessie Smith is the ninth studio album by blues, R&B and jazz singer Dinah Washington released on the Emarcy label, and reissued by Verve Records in 1999 as The Bessie Smith Songbook. The album arrangements are headed by Robare Edmondson and Ernie Wilkins, and the songs are associated with American blues singer Bessie Smith. AllMusic details the album in its review as saying: "It was only natural that the "Queen of the Blues" should record songs associated with the "Empress of the Blues." The performances by the septet/octet do not sound like the 1920s and the purposely ricky-tick drumming is insulting, but Dinah Washington sounds quite at home on this music".
"Goodbye Alexander, Goodbye Honey Boy" is a World War I song describing an African American soldier going off to war and his girlfriend's reaction in his military service. The song is credited to Henry Creamer and Turner Layton, the writers of Sweet Emalina, My Gal and After You've Gone.
Myrtle Watkins was an American-born Mexican dancer, jazz and Latin American music singer, and actress, who came to be known in the United States and Mexico as Paquita Zarate.
Zaidee Jackson was an American-born jazz, spiritual and traditional pop singer, dancer and actress who performed in the United States and Europe. From 1938 to 1956 she lived and worked in Romania. Accused of being a Communist, her American passport was revoked and she could only return to the United States following a successful appeal filed by the American Civil Liberties Union with the Board of Immigration Appeals.
Judith Durham and The Hottest Band in Town is the fourth studio album from Australian recording artist Judith Durham. The album was Durham's first released via Pye Records in June 1974.
Isaac Flower Hatch, known as Ike "Yowsah" Hatch, was an American singer, pianist, and club owner, based for most of his life in Britain.
Elliot James Carpenter was an American pianist, composer, arranger and writer.