[[Minas Gerais]]
[[Bahia]]
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Liga Dos Camponeses Pobres | |
Predecessor | Landless Workers' Movement |
---|---|
Formation | 1995 |
Legal status | Social movement |
Purpose | Agrarian Revolution |
Region | Rondônia Minas Gerais Bahia Pará |
Methods | Land occupation (squatting), Collectivized farming, Health and educational services, Armed violence (allegedly) |
The League of Poor Peasants (Portuguese : Liga dos Camponeses Pobres, LCP) is a left-wing farmer organization based in Brazil. The LCP was formed in 1995 in reaction to the Corumbiara Massacre, when landless activists in Rondônia were killed by police and armed mercenaries. Much of the League was drawn from the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) after dissatisfaction with its agrarian reformism. [1]
The LCP takes a radical approach to the peasant situation, supporting the occupation and transformation of large estates into productive collectives structured under People's Power Assemblies. These assemblies determine both short and long-term planning and development for the collectives, as well as its conduct. [2]
Although not a guerrilla organization, the militancy of the LCP has brought it into much conflict with the Brazilian government, which often coordinates police interventions towards occupied camps and associated activists. [3] The group also has faced death threats and selected assassinations from hired gunmen which the League claims is a collaborated effort between the government and landowners. [4]
In August 1995, while landless peasants occupied the Santa Elina farm in Corumbiara in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, military police and hired gunmen entered the farm and began an attack against the occupants, who fired back. Two police officers and 9 occupying peasants were killed, including a child, this would later become known as the Slaughter of Corumbiara (Massacre de Corumbiara).
In the aftermath of the slaughter, groups of peasants split from the local Landless Workers' Movement (MST) leadership and founded the LCP. [5] This split resulted from MST's alleged collaboration with the authorities, informing them of the names of peasants who occupied the Santa Elina farm. The seceding members denounced MST as "opportunist and conciliatory". [6]
In 2021, peasants from the LCP carried out a procession in honor of former leader of the Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path), Abimael Gúzman. [7]
Despite there being little information regarding LCP's official political line, they adhere to socialism. [6] They frequently express support for Marxist–Leninist-Maoist parties and organizations from around the world, such as the Indian PLGA [8] and the Peruvian PCP. [9] The LCP has also received expressed support from foreign communists, especially maoist groups such as French GRC, a AIAI (Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland), Swedish Proletarian Action [10] and the Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun [11]
The LCP has also endorsed concepts from Marxist, Leninist and Maoist politics, such as People's War, [12] semifeudalism and capitalist imperialism. [6]
According to the LCP's publication Nosso Caminho (Our Path), the organization's general program outlines the goals for an agrarian revolution in the Brazilian countryside to replace latifundia with collective production and structure. The general program is defined by 15 points: [13]
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. A difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This theory, in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary, represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to distinguish it from the original ideas of Mao.
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The Landless Workers' Movement is a social movement in Brazil aimed at land reform. Inspired by Marxism, it is the largest such movement in Latin America, with an estimated informal membership of 1.5 million across 23 of Brazil's 26 states.
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The peasant leagues were social organizations composed of sharecroppers, subsistence farmers and other small agriculturalists. They originated in the agreste region of Northeastern Brazil in the 1950s, organized by the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), and were later picked up by Francisco Julião, a member of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT) and other socialists. The leagues were founded to improve rural workers' living standards; their later objective was to oppose the region's power of latifundia.
Clodomir Santos de Morais was a Brazilian sociologist who originated the Organization Workshop (OW) and the associated Activity-based Large Group Capacitation Method (LGCM).
Agrarian socialism is a political ideology that promotes social ownership of agrarian and agricultural production as opposed to private ownership. Agrarian socialism involves equally distributing agricultural land among collectivized peasant villages. Many agrarian socialist movements have tended to be rural, locally focused, and traditional. Governments and political parties seeking agrarian socialist policies have existed throughout the world, in regions including Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America, and Africa.
Guevarism is a theory of communist revolution and a military strategy of guerrilla warfare associated with Marxist–Leninist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, a leading figure of the Cuban Revolution who believed in the idea of Marxism–Leninism and embraced its principles.
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The Slaughter of Corumbiara was a violent conflict that occurred on August 9, 1995, in the municipality of Corumbiara, located in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. The conflict erupted when police forces, alongside armed gunmen recruited from local farms, attacked a group of landless workers who were occupying an area of unproductive land. The violence resulted in the deaths of 12 people, including a nine-year-old child and two policemen.
The Popular Brigades is a socialist Brazilian political organization founded in September 18, 2011, in São Paulo. It emerged from the merger of four previous organizations and pursues strategic goals such as ending Brazil's dependency as well as the establishment of a sovereign and popular political regime. This philosophy is systematized in the organization's motto: Open Political Unity for a New Majority, which means the formation of a broad political field capable of consolidating itself as an alternative for the emancipation of the Brazilian people against a political regime built by the "Casa Grande" and the "Casa Branca".
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