Left ventricular mass

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Left ventricular mass or LVM refers to the mass of the left ventricle of the heart.

Left ventricular mass index or LVMi is LVM divided by body surface area.

LVM is usually estimated using linear measurements obtained from echocardiography, [1] but can also be calculated using CT or MRI images. [2] LVM increases withe ageing, though ageing related remodeling of the left ventricle's geometry can lead to a discordancy between CT and echocardiographic based measurements of LVM. [3]

Published normal ranges for LVMi are 49–115 g/m2 for men and 43–95 g/m2 for women. [1] [4] left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined as an abnormal increase in LVM, an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. [5] [6] [7] LVM is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease even within the normal limits. [8] A reduction in LVM following antihypertensive treatment or aortic valve replacement is associated with a reduced rate of complications. [9] [10]

Intensive athletic training can cause physiologic changes in the heart ("athlete's heart") which include an increase in LVM. [11]

References

  1. 1 2 Lang, Roberto M.; Badano, Luigi P.; Mor-Avi, Victor; Afilalo, Jonathan; Armstrong, Anderson; Ernande, Laura; Flachskampf, Frank A.; Foster, Elyse; Goldstein, Steven A.; Kuznetsova, Tatiana; Lancellotti, Patrizio; Muraru, Denisa; Picard, Michael H.; Rietzschel, Ernst R.; Rudski, Lawrence (January 2015). "Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging". Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 28 (1): 1–39.e14. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003. ISSN   0894-7317. PMID   25559473.
  2. ↑ Myerson, Saul G.; Bellenger, Nicholas G.; Pennell, Dudley J. (March 2002). "Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance" . Hypertension. 39 (3): 750–755. doi:10.1161/hy0302.104674. ISSN   0194-911X. PMID   11897757.
  3. ↑ Stokar, Joshua; Leibowitz, David; Durst, Ronen; Shaham, Dorith; Zwas, Donna R. (2019-10-24). "Echocardiography overestimates LV mass in the elderly as compared to cardiac CT". PLOS ONE. 14 (10) e0224104. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1424104S. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224104 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6812823 . PMID   31648248.
  4. ↑ Ponikowski, Piotr; Voors, Adriaan A.; Anker, Stefan D.; Bueno, Héctor; Cleland, John G. F.; Coats, Andrew J. S.; Falk, Volkmar; González-Juanatey, José Ramón; Harjola, Veli-Pekka; Jankowska, Ewa A.; Jessup, Mariell; Linde, Cecilia; Nihoyannopoulos, Petros; Parissis, John T.; Pieske, Burkert (2016-07-14). "2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC". European Heart Journal. 37 (27): 2129–2200. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128. ISSN   1522-9645. PMID   27206819.
  5. ↑ Levy, Daniel; Garrison, Robert J.; Savage, Daniel D.; Kannel, William B.; Castelli, William P. (1990-05-31). "Prognostic Implications of Echocardiographically Determined Left Ventricular Mass in the Framingham Heart Study". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (22): 1561–1566. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005313222203. ISSN   0028-4793. PMID   2139921.
  6. ↑ Kawel-Boehm, Nadine; Kronmal, Richard; Eng, John; Folsom, Aaron; Burke, Gregory; Carr, J. Jeffrey; Shea, Steven; Lima, João A. C.; Bluemke, David A. (October 2019). "Left Ventricular Mass at MRI and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)". Radiology. 293 (1): 107–114. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182871. ISSN   1527-1315. PMC   6776886 . PMID   31453766.
  7. ↑ Laukkanen, Jari A.; Khan, Hassan; Kurl, Sudhir; Willeit, Peter; Karppi, Jouni; Ronkainen, Kimmo; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele (2014-12-17). "Left Ventricular Mass and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Population-Based Study". Journal of the American Heart Association. 3 (6). doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001285. ISSN   2047-9980. PMC   4338721 . PMID   25376188.
  8. ↑ Schillaci, Giuseppe; Verdecchia, Paolo; Porcellati, Carlo; Cuccurullo, Olga; Cosco, Carmela; Perticone, Francesco (February 2000). "Continuous Relation Between Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension". Hypertension. 35 (2): 580–586. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.35.2.580. ISSN   0194-911X.
  9. ↑ Koren, M (December 2002). "Left ventricular mass change during treatment and outcome in patients with essential hypertension". American Journal of Hypertension. 15 (12): 1021–1028. doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)03061-3. ISSN   0895-7061.
  10. ↑ Hatani, Takeshi; Kitai, Takeshi; Murai, Ryosuke; Kim, Kitae; Ehara, Natsuhiko; Kobori, Atsushi; Kinoshita, Makoto; Kaji, Shuichiro; Tani, Tomoko; Sasaki, Yasuhiro; Yamane, Takafumi; Koyama, Tadaaki; Nasu, Michihiro; Okada, Yukikatsu; Furukawa, Yutaka (September 2016). "Associations of residual left ventricular and left atrial remodeling with clinical outcomes in patients after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis". Journal of Cardiology. 68 (3): 241–247. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.09.017. ISSN   1876-4738. PMID   26527112.
  11. ↑ Pelliccia, Antonio; Caselli, Stefano; Sharma, Sanjay; Basso, Cristina; Bax, Jeroen J; Corrado, Domenico; D'Andrea, Antonello; D'Ascenzi, Flavio; Di Paolo, Fernando M; Edvardsen, Thor; Gati, Sabiha; Galderisi, Maurizio; Heidbuchel, Hein; Nchimi, Alain; Nieman, Koen; Papadakis, Michael; Pisicchio, Cataldo; Schmied, Christian; Popescu, Bogdan A; Habib, Gilbert; Grobbee, Diederick; Lancellotti, Patrizio (1 June 2018). "European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) joint position statement: recommendations for the indication and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging in the evaluation of the athlete's heart". European Heart Journal. 39 (21): 1949–1969. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx532. hdl: 1887/86880 . PMID   29029207 . Retrieved 2024-06-30.

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