The Levantine Army was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that operated during the Spanish Civil War. Under its jurisdiction were the Republican forces originally deployed on the Teruel front and, later, on the Levante front. It played an important role during the Battle of Teruel and during the Levante Offensive.
The Levante Army was created on 19 August 1937 from the XIII and XIX Army Corps, which became part of it. [1] Colonel Juan Hernández Saravia assumed command of the new formation. [2] The lines of the Levante Army went from Rillo to the Sierra de Calomarde and Frías de Albarracín, covering various sectors of the Teruel front.
In December 1937, the Levante Army was in charge of the Republican offensive in Teruel, [3] which would manage to conquer the capital of Teruel after an intense fight. This earned Hernández Saravia the promotion to General. [4] However, this initial victory would end up turning into defeat with the Nationalist counteroffensive, which recovered the city of Teruel.
Starting in April 1938, the Levantine Army had to face the Nationalist offensive on the Levante front, which sought to conquer Valencia. Also on that date the formation was assigned to the newly formed Central Region Army Group (GERC), [5] under the supreme command of General José Miaja. In June 1938, the Levante Army absorbed the forces of the Maneuver Army. [6] From that moment on, the unit had 5 Army Corps in line, and another in reserve. [7] In addition, Colonel Leopoldo Menéndez López assumed command of the unit, [6] replacing Juan Hernández Saravia.
The fighting on the Levante front was very intense between the months of April and July 1938. Castellón de la Plana fell into Franco's hands on 14 June, which left Franco's forces about 80 kilometers from Valencia. [8] At that time up to 6 Army Corps belonging to the Levantine Army were in line, protected by the defenses of the XYZ line. The fighting in Levante reached a climax between 18 and 23 July, during which the Nationalist attackers suffered numerous casualties. [9] The Ebro offensive undertaken further north by the Army of the Ebro stopped all Nationalist attacks.
After being overrun in the Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War, the Levantine Army dissolved itself at the end of March 1939, coinciding with the end of the war.
The Extremaduran Army, was a military formation of the Spanish Republican Army during the last phase of the Spanish Civil War. It was part of the Central Region Army Group (GERC). The Republican forces deployed at the Extremaduran Front were under its jurisdiction. They guarded the westernmost end of the Republican territory, an area that saw long periods of inactivity between the major battles.
The 25th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It participated in the battles of Huesca, Belchite, Teruel and Levante.
The 28th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It was deployed on the Aragon and Segre fronts.
The 83rd Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War from the militarization of the Iron Column. It came to operate on the Teruel, Levante and Central fronts.
The 81st Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. It operated on the Teruel, Levante and Estremadura fronts.
The 61st Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, the brigade was present on the Teruel, Aragon, Levante and Extremadura fronts.
The 116th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army, integrated into the 25th Division, that participated in the Spanish Civil War.
The 14th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. The division participated in the Battle of Guadalajara.
The 24th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of mixed brigades. Throughout the war, the unit was deployed on the Andalusian, Madrid, Aragon and Segre fronts, taking part in some of the main battles.
The XVI Army Corps was a military formation of the Spanish Republican Army that fought in the Spanish Civil War. It had an outstanding performance in the Levante campaign.
The XIX Army Corps was a military formation of the People's Army of the Republic that fought during the Spanish Civil War. Located on the Teruel Front, it took part in the Teruel and Levante campaigns.
The 5th Division was one of the divisions of the People's Army of the Republic that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It was deployed on the Madrid and Levante fronts.
The 41st Division was one of the divisions of the People's Army of the Republic that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It took part in the battles of Teruel, Alfambra and Levante.
The 70th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were created during the Spanish Civil War.
The 98th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the People's Army of the Republic created during the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war it came to operate on the Madrid, Guadalajara and Levante fronts.
The 95th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that took part in the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, various brigades came to use the number "95", operating on various fronts.
The XI Army Corps was a military formation belonging to the Spanish Republican Army that fought during the Spanish Civil War. During the war it was deployed on the fronts of Aragon, Segre and Catalonia.
The 67th Division was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that existed during the Spanish Civil War, created on the basis of the mixed brigades. It came to be deployed on the fronts of Teruel, Extremadura and Levante.
The 133rd Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army that participated in the Spanish Civil War, deployed on the fronts of Aragon, Segre and Catalonia.
The Ebro Army was a Spanish Republican army during the Spanish Civil War.