Lifestyle creep

Last updated
A Sea Ray Sundancer motorboat in Cruz Bay, an example of a luxury good associated with increased wealth Life style of the wealthy (23173133911).jpg
A Sea Ray Sundancer motorboat in Cruz Bay, an example of a luxury good associated with increased wealth

Lifestyle creep, also known as lifestyle inflation, is a phenomenon that occurs when as more resources are spent towards standard of living, former luxuries become perceived necessities. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Description

An individual's discretionary income could increase as a result of increased income or decreased cost, such as paying off a mortgage. [1] As discretionary income increases, individuals are able to spend money on things that were previously unaffordable. [1] Lifestyle creep occurs when spending increases at the same rate as income. [3] It can be reflected in purchases, such as expensive vehicles or a second home. [1] [2] Spending money on things with ongoing maintenance costs, such as club memberships, also are demonstrated in lifestyle creep. [4]

Lifestyle creep tends to be insidious, so it can be difficult to realize it is occurring. [2] [5] [6] This is why some experts have called it a “silent inflation”. [5] Although it is difficult to perceive, it can be contagious as people compare their own lifestyle with others. [5] Signs of lifestyle creep could include difficulty saving money and increasing debt. [2] Making a budget and setting a limit on expenses could potentially limit lifestyle creep. [2]

This phenomenon is common among young adults in their mid-twenties to early thirties. [5] In this age group, rapid career advancements lead to more discretionary income which can lead to excess spending. [5] Reasons also include spender's need to project a certain image and social status onto others, thus buying expensive gadgets and items just to fit in. [7]

It can also become a particular problem near the age of retirement, where individuals tend to have the highest earning potential and decreased costs, such as not having the financial burden of raising children. [1] When individuals retire and try to maintain a formerly lavish lifestyle, they can suffer financially. [1] Furthermore, it is challenging to downgrade lifestyle. [5] [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inflation</span> Devaluation of currency over a period of time

In economics, inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy. This is usually measured using the consumer price index (CPI). When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money. The opposite of CPI inflation is deflation, a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index. As prices faced by households do not all increase at the same rate, the consumer price index (CPI) is often used for this purpose.

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0%. Inflation reduces the value of currency over time, but deflation increases it. This allows more goods and services to be bought than before with the same amount of currency. Deflation is distinct from disinflation, a slowdown in the inflation rate; i.e., when inflation declines to a lower rate but is still positive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IS–LM model</span> Macroeconomic model relating interest rates and asset market

The IS–LM model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a two-dimensional macroeconomic model which is used as a pedagogical tool in macroeconomic teaching. The IS–LM model shows the relationship between interest rates and output in the short run in a closed economy. The intersection of the "investment–saving" (IS) and "liquidity preference–money supply" (LM) curves illustrates a "general equilibrium" where supposed simultaneous equilibria occur in both the goods and the money markets. The IS–LM model shows the importance of various demand shocks on output and consequently offers an explanation of changes in national income in the short run when prices are fixed or sticky. Hence, the model can be used as a tool to suggest potential levels for appropriate stabilisation policies. It is also used as a building block for the demand side of the economy in more comprehensive models like the AD–AS model.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fiscal policy</span> Use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a countrys economy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose Keynesian economics theorised that government changes in the levels of taxation and government spending influence aggregate demand and the level of economic activity. Fiscal and monetary policy are the key strategies used by a country's government and central bank to advance its economic objectives. The combination of these policies enables these authorities to target inflation and to increase employment. In modern economies, inflation is conventionally considered "healthy" in the range of 2%–3%. Additionally, it is designed to try to keep GDP growth at 2%–3% and the unemployment rate near the natural unemployment rate of 4%–5%. This implies that fiscal policy is used to stabilise the economy over the course of the business cycle.

The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deficit spending</span> Spending in excess of revenue

Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit: the opposite of budget surplus. The term may be applied to the budget of a government, private company, or individual. Government deficit spending was first identified as a necessary economic tool by John Maynard Keynes in the wake of the Great Depression. It is a central point of controversy in economics, as discussed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government budget balance</span> Difference between revenues and spending

The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting the budget balance is calculated using only spending on current operations, with expenditure on new capital assets excluded. A positive balance is called a government budget surplus, and a negative balance is a government budget deficit. A government budget presents the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Personal finance</span> Budgeting and expenses

Personal finance is the financial management that an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources in a controlled manner, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cost of living</span> Cost to maintain a standard of living

Cost of living is the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living. Changes in the cost of living over time can be operationalized in a cost-of-living index. Cost of living calculations are also used to compare the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living in different geographic areas. Differences in cost of living between locations can be measured in terms of purchasing power parity rates. A sharp rise in the cost of living can trigger a cost of living crisis where purchasing power is lost and the previous lifestyle is no longer affordable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fixed cost</span> Business expenses not dependant on output

In accounting and economics, fixed costs, also known as indirect costs or overhead costs, are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services produced by the business. They tend to be recurring, such as interest or rents being paid per month. These costs also tend to be capital costs. This is in contrast to variable costs, which are volume-related and unknown at the beginning of the accounting year. Fixed costs have an effect on the nature of certain variable costs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States federal budget</span> Budget of the U.S. federal government

The United States budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. CBO estimated in February 2024 that Federal debt held by the public is projected to rise from 99 percent of GDP in 2024 to 116 percent in 2034 and would continue to grow if current laws generally remained unchanged. Over that period, the growth of interest costs and mandatory spending outpaces the growth of revenues and the economy, driving up debt. Those factors persist beyond 2034, pushing federal debt higher still, to 172 percent of GDP in 2054.

Dissaving is negative saving. If spending is greater than disposable income, dissaving is taking place. This spending is financed by already accumulated savings, such as money in a savings account, or it can be borrowed. Household dissaving therefore corresponds to an absolute decrease in their financial investments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Real estate investing</span> Buying and selling real estate for profit

Real estate investing involves the purchase, management and sale or rental of real estate for profit. Someone who actively or passively invests in real estate is called a real estate entrepreneur or a real estate investor. Some investors actively develop, improve or renovate properties to make more money from them.

Biflation is a state of the economy, in which the processes of inflation and deflation occur simultaneously in different parts of the economy. The term was first coined in 2003 by F. Osborne Brown, a senior financial analyst at Phoenix Investment Group, and has later been widely used in the media. During the biflation, there is a simultaneous rise in prices (inflation) for commodities bought out of the basic income (earnings), and a parallel fall in prices (deflation) for goods bought mainly on credit. Biflation may be seen in the CPI composition: some CPI components are in the inflationary territory, while others are facing deflationary pressure. As such, biflation reflects the complexity of the modern financial system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandatory spending</span> Government spending on certain programs that are required by law

The United States federal budget is divided into three categories: mandatory spending, discretionary spending, and interest on debt. Also known as entitlement spending, in US fiscal policy, mandatory spending is government spending on certain programs that are required by law. Congress established mandatory programs under authorization laws. Congress legislates spending for mandatory programs outside of the annual appropriations bill process. Congress can only reduce the funding for programs by changing the authorization law itself. This normally requires a 60-vote majority in the Senate to pass. Discretionary spending on the other hand will not occur unless Congress acts each year to provide the funding through an appropriations bill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Financial independence</span> Accumulation of sufficient resources to not need employment

Financial independence is a state where an individual or household has accumulated sufficient financial resources to cover its living expenses without having to depend on active employment or work to earn money in order to maintain its current lifestyle. These financial resources can be in the form of investment or personal use assets, passive income, income generated from side jobs, inheritance, pension and retirement income sources, and varied other sources.

This glossary of economics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in economics, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

<i>The Two-Income Trap</i> 2004 book by Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi

The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke is a 2004 popular nonfiction book by Elizabeth Warren and her daughter Amelia Warren Tyagi. The book examines the causes of increasing rates of personal bankruptcy and economic insecurity in American households. It was reissued in 2016.

Financial issues facing students in the United States include the rising cost of tuition, as well as ancillaries, such as room and board, textbook and coursework costs, personal expenses, and transportation.

The Economy monetization is a metric of the national economy, reflecting its saturation with liquid assets. The level of monetization is determined both by the development of the national financial system and by the whole economy. The monetization of economy also determines the freedom of capital movement. Long time ago scientists recognized the important role played by the money supply. Nevertheless, only approximately 50 years ago did Milton Friedman convincingly prove that change in the money quantity might have a very serious effect on the GDP. The monetization is especially important in low- to middle-income countries in which it is substantially correlated with the per-capita GDP and real interest rates. This fact suggests that supporting an upward monetization trend can be an important policy objective for governments.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ososami, B. (2009). Wealth Out of Ashes. p. 137. ISBN   978-1-4670-0694-1 . Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Maldonado, Camilo (2018-08-23). "The Slippery Slope Of Lifestyle Creep And How To Avoid It". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
  3. 1 2 Vitug, J. (2016). You Only Live Once: The Roadmap to Financial Wellness and a Purposeful Life. Wiley. p. 26. ISBN   978-1-119-26737-9 . Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  4. Sullivan, P. (2015). The Thin Green Line: The Money Secrets of the Super Wealthy. Simon & Schuster. p. 96. ISBN   978-1-4516-8726-2 . Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ghosh, P.; Chowdhury, P.R. Managerial Economics: 3 edition. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 318. ISBN   978-93-87067-63-9 . Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  6. 1 2 Lazaroff, P. (2019). Making Money Simple: The Complete Guide to Getting Your Financial House in Order and Keeping It That Way Forever. Wiley. p. 50. ISBN   978-1-119-53785-4 . Retrieved 2019-11-14.
  7. Staples, Ana. "What is lifestyle inflation — and is it really that bad?". CNBC. Retrieved 2023-10-25.