Related Research Articles
Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic,G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad,long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include altering intrinsic firing activity,increasing or decreasing voltage-dependent currents,altering synaptic efficacy,increasing bursting activity and reconfiguring synaptic connectivity.
Neurotransmitter transporters are a class of membrane transport proteins that span the cellular membranes of neurons. Their primary function is to carry neurotransmitters across these membranes and to direct their further transport to specific intracellular locations. There are more than twenty types of neurotransmitter transporters.
Pendleton Read Montague,Jr. is an American neuroscientist and popular science author. He is the director of the Human Neuroimaging Lab and Computational Psychiatry Unit at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC in Roanoke,Virginia,where he also holds the title of the inaugural Virginia Tech Carilion Vernon Mountcastle Research Professor. Montague is also a professor in the department of physics at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg,Virginia and professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine.
GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) initially developed in 2001 by Junichi Nakai. It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP),calmodulin (CaM),and M13,a peptide sequence from myosin light-chain kinase. When bound to Ca2+,GCaMP fluoresces green with a peak excitation wavelength of 480 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 510 nm. It is used in biological research to measure intracellular Ca2+ levels both in vitro and in vivo using virally transfected or transgenic cell and animal lines. The genetic sequence encoding GCaMP can be inserted under the control of promoters exclusive to certain cell types,allowing for cell-type specific expression of GCaMP. Since Ca2+ is a second messenger that contributes to many cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways,GCaMP allows researchers to quantify the activity of Ca2+-based mechanisms and study the role of Ca2+ ions in biological processes of interest.
The Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI),is a research facility located in Jupiter,Florida. Its research focuses on brain function and neural circuits,using techniques to visualize microscopic molecular processes. It is the first institute established by the Max Planck Society in North America.
A genetically engineered fluorescent protein that changes its fluorescence when bound to the neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters are used to monitor the activity of presynaptic terminals by fluorescence microscopy. GluSnFRs are a class of optogenetic sensors used in neuroscience research. In brain tissue,two-photon microscopy is typically used to monitor GluSnFR fluorescence.
Erin Margaret Schuman,born May 15,1963,in California,US,is a neurobiologist who studies neuronal synapses. She is currently a Director at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research.
Anne M. Andrews is an American academic,the Richard Metzner Endowed Chair in Clinical Neuropharmacology,Professor of Chemistry &Biochemistry,and Professor of Psychiatry &Behavioral Sciences at the University of California,Los Angeles. Andrews is known for her work on the study of the serotonin system with a special focus on how the serotonin transporter modulates complex behaviors including anxiety,mood,stress responsiveness,and learning and memory.
Jennifer M. Li is a Systems Neuroscience &Neuroengineering researcher who is a Max Planck Research Group Leader at the RoLi lab at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics. She records and manipulates neural activity in larval zebra fish to research motivation and attention. and has been published in the journal Nature for her work on how the zebra fish brain switches between internal states when foraging for live prey. The RoLi lab has developed a revolutionary microscopy systems that enable whole-brain imaging of freely swimming larval zebra fish. With this technology,Li and Robson aim to investigate natural behaviors in the zebra fish,including spatial navigation,social behavior,feeding,and reward.
Susan M. Dymecki is an American geneticist and neuroscientist and director of the Biological and Biomedical Sciences PhD Program at Harvard University. Dymecki is also a professor in the Department of Genetics and the principal investigator of the Dymecki Lab at Harvard. Her lab characterizes the development and function of unique populations of serotonergic neurons in the mouse brain. To enable this functional dissection,Dymecki has pioneered several transgenic tools for probing neural circuit development and function. Dymecki also competed internationally as an ice dancer,placing 7th in the 1980 U.S. Figure Skating Championships.
Sheena Josselyn is a Canadian neuroscientist and a full professor of psychology and physiology at Hospital for Sick Children and The University of Toronto. Josselyn studies the neural basis of memory,specifically how the brain forms and stores memories in rodent models. She has made critical contributions to the field of Neuronal Memory Allocation and the study of engrams.
Kate Wassum is an American neuroscientist and professor of behavioral neuroscience at the University of California,Los Angeles. Wassum probes the neural circuits underlying appetitive associative learning the circuit dynamics that give rise to diverse motivated behaviors.
Diane Lipscombe is a British neuroscientist who is a professor of neuroscience and the Reliance Dhirubhai Ambani Director of Brown University’s Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science. She served as the president of the Society for Neuroscience in 2019,the world’s largest organization for the study of the brain and nervous system.
Dayu Lin is a neuroscientist and Professor of Psychiatry,Neuroscience and Physiology at the New York University Grossman School of Medicine in New York City. Lin discovered the neural circuits in the hypothalamus that give rise to aggression in mice. Her lab at NYU now probes the neural circuits underlying innate social behaviors,with a focus on aggressive and defensive behaviors.
Parastoo ("Parry") Hashemi is an Iranian-British neural engineer at Imperial College London.
David E. Olson is an American chemist and neuroscientist. He is an associate professor of chemistry,biochemistry and molecular medicine at the University of California,Davis,and is the founding director of the UC Davis Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics.
Fiber photometry is a calcium imaging technique that captures 'bulk' or population-level calcium (Ca2+) activity from specific cell-types within a brain region or functional network in order to study neural circuits Population-level calcium activity can be correlated with behavioral tasks,such as spatial learning,memory recall and goal-directed behaviors. The technique involves the surgical implantation of fiber optics into the brains of living animals. The benefits to researchers are that optical fibers are simpler to implant,less invasive and less expensive than other calcium methods,and there is less weight and stress on the animal,as compared to miniscopes. It also allows for imaging of multiple interacting brain regions and integration with other neuroscience techniques. The limitations of fiber photometry are low cellular and spatial resolution,and the fact that animals must be securely tethered to a rigid fiber bundle,which may impact the naturalistic behavior of smaller mammals such as mice.
Optogenetics began with methods to alter neuronal activity with light,using e.g. channelrhodopsins. In a broader sense,optogenetic approaches also include the use of genetically encoded biosensors to monitor the activity of neurons or other cell types by measuring fluorescence or bioluminescence. Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are used frequently to monitor neuronal activity,but other cellular parameters such as membrane voltage or second messenger activity can also be recorded optically. The use of optogenetic sensors is not restricted to neuroscience,but plays increasingly important roles in immunology,cardiology and cancer research.
Nako Nakatsuka is a Japanese researcher and Assistant Professor of Neurotechnology at EPFL. Her research is focused on pioneering translational technologies that directly impact human health. Her research group,the Laboratory of Chemical Nanotechnology (CHEMINA) works at the intersection of chemistry,engineering,and neuroscience to develop innovative strategies to support patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. She was awarded the 2023 Prix Zonta.
References
- 1 2 "Internationally recognized leader in biosensor development to join Max Planck Florida". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Lin". groups.molbiosci.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Neurotree - Lin Tian Family Tree". neurotree.org. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ Tian, Lin; Yang, Yunlei; Wysocki, Laura M.; Arnold, Alma C.; Hu, Amy; Ravichandran, Balaji; Sternson, Scott M.; Looger, Loren L.; Lavis, Luke D. (2012-03-27). "Selective esterase–ester pair for targeting small molecules with cellular specificity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (13): 4756–4761. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.4756T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111943109 . ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3323987 . PMID 22411832.
- ↑ Tian, Lin; Hires, S. Andrew; Mao, Tianyi; Huber, Daniel; Chiappe, M. Eugenia; Chalasani, Sreekanth H.; Petreanu, Leopoldo; Akerboom, Jasper; McKinney, Sean A.; Schreiter, Eric R.; Bargmann, Cornelia I.; Jayaraman, Vivek; Svoboda, Karel; Looger, Loren L. (2009-11-08). "Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators". Nature Methods . 6 (12): 875–881. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1398. ISSN 1548-7105. PMC 2858873 . PMID 19898485.
- ↑ "Lin Tian, UC Davis". foundry.lbl.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ Lee, Gabriela M. (2021-01-13). "Lin Tian, PhD | Neuroengineering at UC Davis". neuroengineering.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Tian Lab – Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience". mpfi.org. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Video: Nanosensors shine a light on brain chemistry". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Optical Probes Allow Ultrafast, High-Resolution Imaging of Dopamine Activity". www.photonics.com. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ Patriarchi, Tommaso; Cho, Jounhong Ryan; Merten, Katharina; Howe, Mark W.; Marley, Aaron; Xiong, Wei-Hong; Folk, Robert W.; Broussard, Gerard Joey; Liang, Ruqiang; Jang, Min Jee; Zhong, Haining; Dombeck, Daniel; von Zastrow, Mark; Nimmerjahn, Axel; Gradinaru, Viviana (2018-06-29). "Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors". Science. 360 (6396). doi:10.1126/science.aat4422. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 6287765 . PMID 29853555.
- ↑ "Tian Lab AAV Expression Vectors and Stock AAV Preps". Neurotools. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Addgene: Lin Tian Lab Materials". www.addgene.org. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "AI-designed serotonin sensor may help scientists study sleep and mental health". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- 1 2 Grover, Natalie (2021-04-28). "Non-hallucinogenic psychedelics: scientists close in on compound". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ Dong, Chunyang; Ly, Calvin; Dunlap, Lee E.; Vargas, Maxemiliano V.; Sun, Junqing; Hwang, In-Wook; Azinfar, Arya; Oh, Won Chan; Wetsel, William C.; Olson, David E.; Tian, Lin (2021-04-28). "Psychedelic-inspired drug discovery using an engineered biosensor". Cell . 184 (10): 2779–2792.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.043. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 8122087 . PMID 33915107.
- ↑ Dong, Chunyang; Gowrishankar, Raajaram; Jin, Yihan; He, Xinyi Jenny; Gupta, Achla; Wang, Huikun; Sayar-Atasoy, Nilüfer; Flores, Rodolfo J.; Mahe, Karan; Tjahjono, Nikki; Liang, Ruqiang; Marley, Aaron; Or Mizuno, Grace; Lo, Darren K.; Sun, Qingtao (2024-07-15). "Unlocking opioid neuropeptide dynamics with genetically encoded biosensors". Nature Neuroscience: 1–14. doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01697-1. ISSN 1546-1726.
- ↑ Fell, Andy (2022-03-07). "UC Davis Wins 2 Awards From the W.M. Keck Foundation". UC Davis. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ Patriarchi, Tommaso; Mohebi, Ali; Sun, Junqing; Marley, Aaron; Liang, Ruqiang; Dong, Chunyang; Puhger, Kyle; Mizuno, Grace Or; Davis, Carolyn M.; Wiltgen, Brian; von Zastrow, Mark; Berke, Joshua D.; Tian, Lin (2020-09-07). "An expanded palette of dopamine sensors for multiplex imaging in vivo". Nature Methods . 17 (11): 1147–1155. doi:10.1038/s41592-020-0936-3. ISSN 1548-7105. PMC 8169200 . PMID 32895537.
- ↑ "Lin Tian". Rita Allen Foundation. 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
- ↑ "Project Details". NIH RePORTER. Retrieved 2024-03-30.
