Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found on the sleeves of LP record albums and in booklets that come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or cassette j-cards. [1]
Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found on the sleeves of LP record albums and in booklets that come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or cassette j-cards. [1]
Liner notes are descended from the program notes for musical concerts, and developed into notes that were printed on the outer album jacket or the inner sleeve used to protect a traditional 12-inch vinyl record, i.e., long playing or gramophone record album. The term descends from the name "record liner" or "album liner". Album liner notes survived format changes from vinyl LP to cassette to CD. [2] These notes can be sources of information about the contents of the recording as well as broader cultural topics. [3]
Such notes often contained a mix of factual and anecdotal material, and occasionally a discography for the artist or the issuing record label. Liner notes were also an occasion for thoughtful signed essays on the artist by another party, often a sympathetic music journalist, a custom that has largely died out. However, the liner note essay has survived in reissues and retrospective compilations, particularly in box sets. It is also a tradition in Japan, especially for foreign artist releases. Liner notes often include complete song lyrics for the album. [4]
Liner notes now usually include information about the musician, lyrics, a personnel list, and other credits to people the musicians want to thank and people or companies involved in the production of the music. [5] They also can give details on the extent of each musical piece, and sometimes place them in historical or social context. Liner notes for classical music recordings often provide information in several languages; if the piece includes vocal parts, they will often include a libretto, possibly also translated into several languages.
The factual information in liner notes comes from the Label Copy. Label Copy is the record label's official info sheet for the published release. [6] [7] It contains information that accompanies a musical work, including artist name, song title, song length, ISRC code, catalogue number, composer, publisher, rights holder, technical and artistic credits, A&R and producer credits, recording dates and locations. In digital music, the label copy is contained within what’s known as metadata. [8]
Liner notes sometimes provide metadata that can help when cataloguing private or public collections of sound recordings. [4] [9] However, the information provided on liner notes varies considerably depending on the studio or label which produced the record. It also varies how much of the metadata digital media services such as Spotify and iTunes make public. [5] In 2018, Tidal launched official music credits supplied by distributors across their database of 90 million recordings. [10] In 2019 Australian company Jaxsta launched a database of official music credits and liner notes. The database is made up of content-owner supplied metadata rather than crowd-sourced data, making previous hidden metadata more widely available to the music industry as well as the public domain. [11] [12] In 2019, French company Qobuz launched official music credits and digital liner notes booklets appearing in the player. [13] Pandora also launched full credits within their player in 2019. [14] Metadata credits are sent from official sources to all databases and streaming services using the DDEX ERN standard, however not all services display this data to the consumer. [15] [16]
Increasingly and due to the rise of digital downloads, a digital booklet is being introduced to compensate for the lack of a physical booklet. Apple Inc. also introduced iTunes LP which features interactive menus instead of simple pages. [17] Spotify also has songwriter and producer credits available for individual tracks. [18] Lyrics are also available on certain tracks, in collaboration with Genius. [19] As of 2020 [update] , it was estimated that up to 94% of recordings are now supplying the official music credits feed direct from the owners of the data to streaming services such as Spotify, Amazon, Google, Tidal, Pandora, Qobuz and more, [20] as well as databases such as Gracenote, but not all services are displaying the data they are sent at this stage. [21]
A Grammy Award for Best Album Notes has been given annually since the 6th Annual Grammy Awards, May 12, 1964. [22]
Let's Get It On is the thirteenth studio album by the American soul singer, songwriter, and producer Marvin Gaye. It was released on August 28, 1973, by the Motown subsidiary label Tamla Records on LP.
An album cover is the front packaging art of a commercially released studio album or other audio recordings. The term can refer to either the printed paperboard covers typically used to package sets of 10 in (25 cm) and 12 in (30 cm) 78-rpm records, single and sets of 12 in (30 cm) LPs, sets of 45 rpm records, or the front-facing panel of a cassette J-card or CD package, and, increasingly, the primary image accompanying a digital download of the album, or of its individual tracks. In the case of all types of tangible records, it also serves as part of the protective sleeve.
The Barbra Streisand Album is the debut album by American singer Barbra Streisand, released February 25, 1963, on Columbia Records, catalogue CL 2007 in mono and CS 8807 in stereo. It peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Top LPs, and has been certified a gold album by the RIAA. By 1966, the album had sold over one million copies worldwide.
Connie Smith Sings Hank Williams Gospel is the twenty-fifth solo studio album by American country singer Connie Smith. It was released in May 1975 via Columbia Records and contained 11 tracks. The project was a tribute to Hank Williams and was considered the first tribute gospel album of his material. Smith had found over half of the album's material through previously-unreleased recordings. The album would make a brief chart appearance on the American Country LP's survey in 1975.
Ian Eric Kirkpatrick is an American record producer and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He has produced and written music for many high-profile artists such as Backstreet Boys, Britney Spears, Dua Lipa, Jason Derulo, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, Nick Jonas, Pitbull, Selena Gomez, Shakira, and The Chainsmokers. Kirkpatrick's writing catalogue includes songs which have amassed over a billion streams individually on streaming platform Spotify.
The following is a list of on-demand music streaming services. These services offer streaming of full-length content via the Internet as a part of their service, without the listener necessarily having to purchase a file for download. This type of service is somewhat similar to Internet radio. Many of these sites have advertising that supports free-to-listen options as well as paid subscription-based premium options.
Teo Lucas Halm is an American record producer, songwriter, singer, and actor. Halm's notable production and songwriting credits include the Rosalía singles "Con Altura" with J Balvin and "TKN" with Travis Scott, the former which won a Latin Grammy Award, Evergreen by Omar Apollo, as well as two songs from the Beyoncé-produced The Lion King: The Gift. As an actor, Halm is best known for starring in the 2014 film Earth to Echo.
Derek Ali, better known by his moniker MixedByAli, is an American mixing engineer. His career began in Los Angeles in the late 2000s recording and mixing for Top Dawg Entertainment artists Kendrick Lamar, Jay Rock, SZA and more recently Bas, Nipsey Hussle, Snoop Dogg and many others.
Jaxsta is an Australia-based database of official music credits, including performers, artists, engineers, producers and songwriters. Jaxsta's data is content-owner supplied rather than crowd-sourced.
Sound Credit is a music credits platform with computer software applications for Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android. It includes the Sound Credit Publisher cross-platform desktop application, the Tracker cross-platform digital audio workstation (DAW) plug-in, physical kiosks, smart card check-in system, and online database.
There Never Was a Time is a studio album by American country music singer–songwriter Hank Locklin. It was released in 1977 via Plantation Records and contained ten tracks. It was Locklin's twenty fifth studio album released in his career and his only album for the Plantation label. The project spawned four singles released between 1976 and 1977.
Closer to Jesus is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in 1977 via Word Records and contained a total of ten tracks. The disc was Jackson's twenty fifth studio collection released in her career and her fifth album to consist entirely of gospel recordings.
Rockabilly Fever is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in 1984 via Tab Records for the Scandinavian market in Europe. It was then re-released to other markets, including Jackson's home country in 1986 and was re-titled Rock and Roll Away Your Blues.
My Kind of Gospel is a studio album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in 1983 via Vine Records and contained ten tracks of material. It was the twenty ninth studio record released in Jackson's career and among a series of gospel recordings she released during the 1980s decade.
Live in Scandinavia is a live album by American recording artist Wanda Jackson. It was released in 1989 on Tab Records and contained 14 tracks. The album was collection of country and Rockabilly songs. It was also her third live project in her career and her second released through the Tab label. The album was released exclusively to markets in Scandinavia, notably Sweden.
From the Heart is a studio album by American country music artist Janie Fricke. It was released in November 1979 via Columbia Records and contained ten tracks. It was the third studio release of Fricke's career and spawned two singles that charted on the country surveys in the United States and Canada. This included a cover of "Pass Me By ", which was issued as a single in 1980.
Parisi are an Italian music production and songwriting duo formed by multi-instrumentalist brothers Marco Parisi & Giampaolo "Jack" Parisi.