List of Abell clusters

Last updated December 03, 2023

Abell 2744 galaxy cluster - Hubble Frontier Fields view (7 January 2014). Heic1401a-Abell2744-20140107.jpg — Abell 2744 galaxy cluster – Hubble Frontier Fields view (7 January 2014).

The Abell catalogue is a catalogue of approximately 4,000 galaxy clusters with at least 30 members, almost complete to a redshift of z = 0.2. It was originally compiled by the American astronomer George O. Abell in 1958 using plates from POSS, and extended to the southern hemisphere by Abell, Corwin and Olowin in 1987. The name "Abell" is also commonly used as a designation for objects he compiled in a catalogue of 86 planetary nebulae in 1966. The proper designation for the galaxy clusters is ACO, as in "ACO 13", while the planetary-nebula designation is the single letter A, as in "A 39".

1–1999

ACO catalog number	Other names	Member of	Constellation	Right ascension (J2000)^[2]	Declination (J2000)^[2]	Abell richness class ^[2]^[3]	Bautz–Morgan type ^[2]^[3]	Notes
13				00^h 13^m 38.5^s	−19° 30′ 19″	2	II	ACO 13 is not to be confused with Abell 13, a planetary nebula
85				00^h 41^m 37.8^s	−09° 20′ 33″	1	I
133			Cetus	01^h 02^m 39.0^s	−21° 57′ 15″	0
222			Cetus	01^h 37^m 29.2^s	−12° 59′ 10″	3	II-III
223			Cetus	01^h 37^m 56.4^s	−12° 48′ 01″	3	III
226				01^h 38^m 58.7^s	−10° 14′ 47″	1	II
262		Perseus–Pisces Supercluster	Between Andromeda and Triangulum	01^h 52^m 50.4^s	+36° 08′ 46″	0	III
263				01^h 53^m 21.7^s	+37° 33′ 45″	1
370			Cetus	02^h 39^m 50.5^s	−01° 35′ 08″	0	II-III	Exhibits gravitational lensing. The most distant Abell object, at a redshift of 0.375.
383			Eridanus	02^h 48^m 07.0^s	−03° 29′ 32″	2	II-III
400			Cetus	02^h 57^m 38.6^s	+06° 02′ 00″	1	II-III
401			Aries	02^h 58^m 57.0^s	+13° 34′ 56″	2	I
426	Perseus Cluster	Perseus–Pisces Supercluster	Perseus	03^h 18^m 36.4^s	+41° 30′ 54″	2	II-III
478			Taurus	04^h 13^m 20.7^s	+10° 28′ 35″	2
514				04^h 47^m 40.1^s	−20° 25′ 44″	1	II-III
520	Train Wreck Cluster		Orion	04^h 54^m 19.0^s	+02° 56′ 49″	3	III
553				06^h 12^m 37.5^s	+48° 36′ 13″	0	II
569			Lynx	07^h 09^m 10.4^s	+48° 37′ 10″	0	II
576			Lynx	07^h 21^m 24.2^s	+55° 44′ 20″	1	III
653			Hydra	08^h 21^m 47.0^s	+01° 13′ 23″	1
665			Ursa Major	08^h 30^m 45.2^s	+65° 52′ 55″	5	III	The only Abell cluster of richness class 5.^[4]
671			Cancer	08^h 28^m 29.3^s	+03° 25′ 01″	0	II-III
689			Cancer	08^h 37^m 29.7^s	+14° 59′ 29″	0
754			Hydra	09^h 08^m 50.1^s	−09° 38′ 12″	2	I-II
779			Lynx	09^h 19^m 9^s	+33° 46′
901				09^h 56^m 09.7^s	−09° 56′ 17″	1
907			Hydra	09^h 58^m 21.2^s	−11° 03′ 22″	1
955				10^h 12^m 56.0^s	−24° 26′ 53″	1
966				10^h 16^m 13.8^s	−25° 22′ 59″	1	III
1060	Hydra Cluster		Hydra	10^h 36^m 51.3^s	−27° 31′ 35″	1	III
1142		Leo Supercluster		11^h 00^m 51.4^s	+10° 31′ 46″
1146			Crater	11^h 01^m 20.6^s	−22° 43′ 08″	4	I
1185		Leo Supercluster	Ursa Major	11^h 10^m 31.4^s	+28° 43′ 39″	1	II
1367	Leo Cluster		Leo	11^h 44^m 29.5^s	+19° 50′ 21″	2	II-III
1413			Between Leo and Coma Berenices	11^h 55^m 18.9^s	+23° 24′ 31″	3	I	Contains an extremely large cD galaxy.
1631			Corvus	12^h 52^m 49.8^s	−15° 26′ 17″	0	I
1656	Coma Cluster		Coma Berenices	12^h 59^m 48.7^s	+27° 58′ 50″	2	II
1689			Virgo	13^h 11^m 29.5^s	−01° 20′ 17″	4	II-III	One of the biggest and most massive galaxy clusters known; exhibits gravitational lensing.
1795			Boötes	13^h 49^m 00.5^s	+26° 35′ 07″	2	I
1835			Virgo	14^h 01^m 02.0^s	+02° 51′ 32″	0		Behind it lies a candidate for the furthest known galaxy, "Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916", seen through gravitational lensing.
1914			Boötes	14^h 26^m 03.0^s	+37° 49′ 32″	2	II
1991			Boötes	14^h 54^m 30.2^s	+18° 37′ 51″	1	I

2000–4076

ACO catalog number	Other names	Member of	Constellation	Right ascension (J2000)	Declination (J2000)	Abell richness class	Bautz–Morgan type	Notes
2029			Virgo	15^h 10^m 56.0^s	+05° 44′ 41″	2	I	Near the Serpens–Virgo border.
2052				15^h 16^m 45.5^s	+07° 00′ 01″	0	I-II
2061		Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 21^m 15.3^s	+30° 39′ 17″	1	III
2063		Hercules Superclusters		15^h 23^m 05.3^s	+08° 36′ 33″
2065	Corona Borealis Cluster	Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 22^m 42.6^s	+27° 43′ 21″	2	III
2067		Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 23^m 14^s	+30° 54′ 23″	1	III
2079		Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 28^m 04.7^s	+28° 52′ 40″
2089		Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 32^m 41.3^s	+28° 00′ 56″
2092		Corona Borealis Supercluster	Corona Borealis	15^h 33^m 17.0^s	+31° 08′ 55″
2107		Hercules Superclusters		15^h 39^m 39.0^s	+21° 46′ 58″
2124			Corona Borealis	15^h 44^m 59^s	+36° 04′	1	I
2142			Corona Borealis	15^h 58^m 16.1^s	+27° 13′ 29″	2	II	A merger of two huge galaxy clusters.
2147		Hercules Superclusters	Serpens	16^h 02^m 17.2^s	+15° 53′ 43″	1	III
2151	Hercules Cluster	Hercules Superclusters	Hercules	16^h 05^m 15.0^s	+17° 44′ 55″	2	III	Major component of the Hercules Superclusters.
2152		Hercules Superclusters		16^h 05^m 22.4^s	+16° 26′ 55″	1	III	The smaller part of the Hercules supercluster, L_x ≤ 3 x 10⁴⁴ ergs/s.^[5]
2162		Hercules Superclusters	Corona Borealis	16^h 12^m 30.0^s	+29° 32′ 23″
2163			Ophiuchus	16^h 15^m 34.1^s	−06° 07′ 26″	2
2199		Hercules Superclusters	Hercules	16^h 28^m 38.5^s	+39° 33′ 06″	2	I
2200			Hercules	16^h 29^m 24.7^s	+28° 10′ 30″	0
2218			Draco	16^h 35^m 54.0^s	+66° 13′ 00″	4	II	Exhibits gravitational lensing.
2256			Ursa Minor	17^h 03^m 43.5^s	+78° 43′ 03″	2	II-III
2261			Hercules	17^h 22^m 28.34^s	+32° 09′ 12.67″		I	Part of the Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) survey.
2319			Cygnus	19^h 20^m 45.3^s	+43° 57′ 43″	1	II-III	Very close to, and possibly extending into, Lyra.
2384			Capricornus	21^h 52^m 18.9^s	−19° 34′ 42″	1	II-III
2390			Pegasus	21^h 53^m 34.6^s	+17° 40′ 11″	1
2440				22^h 23^m 52.6^s	−01° 35′ 47″	0	II
2515			Pegasus	23h 00m 40.9s	+31° 09' 52"	3	II
2589			Pegasus	23^h 24^m 00.5^s	+16° 49′ 29″	0	I
2666				23^h 50^m 56.2^s	+27° 08′ 41″	0	I
2667			Sculptor	23^h 51^m 47.1^s	−26° 00′ 18″	3	I	Exhibits strong gravitational lensing.
2744	Pandora's Cluster		Sculptor	00^h 14^m 19.5^s	−30° 23′ 19″	3	III	It seems to have formed from four different clusters involved in a series of collisions over a period of some 350 million years.^[6]
3128	Shapley 20 Cluster			03^h 30^m 34.6^s	−52° 33′ 12″	3	I-II
3158	Shapley 17 Cluster			03^h 42^m 39.6^s	−53° 37′ 50″	2	I-II
3192	MCS/MACS J0358.8-2955		Eridanus					Comprises such a huge amount of mass that the galaxy cluster noticeably curves spacetime around it, making it into a gravitational lens. Smaller galaxies behind the cluster appear distorted into long, warped arcs around the cluster’s edges.^[7]
3266		Horologium Supercluster	Reticulum	04^h 31^m 11.9^s	−61° 24′ 23″	2	I-II
3341				05^h 25^m 35.1^s	−31° 35′ 26″	2	II
3363				05^h 45^m 07.8^s	−47° 56′ 52″	3	I
3526	Centaurus Cluster	Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster	Centaurus	12^h 48^m 51.8^s	−41° 18′ 21″	0	I-II
3558	Shapley 8 Cluster	Shapley Supercluster		13^h 27^m 54.8^s	−31° 29′ 32″	4	I
3562		Shapley Supercluster		13^h 33^m 31.8^s	−31° 40′ 23″	2	I
3565		Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster		13^h 36^m 39.9^s	−33° 58′ 17″	1	I
3574		Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster		13^h 49^m 09.4^s	−30° 17′ 54″	0	I
3581		Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster		14^h 07^m 27.5^s	−27° 01′ 15″	0	I
3627	Norma Cluster		Norma	16^h 15^m 32.8^s	−60° 54′ 30″	1	I
3667			Pavo	20^h 12^m 31^s	−56° 49′ 55″	2	I-II	10^15 solar masses, bright X-ray source, paired radio relics, likely result of cluster merger
3677			Microscopium	20^h 26^m 21^s	−33° 21′ 06″			possible member of Microscopium Supercluster
3693			Microscopium	20^h 34^m 22^s	−34° 29′ 40″			possible member of Microscopium Supercluster
3695		Microscopium Supercluster	Microscopium	20^h 34^m 48^s	−35° 49′ 39″			gravitationally bound to Abell 3696
3696		Microscopium Supercluster	Microscopium	20^h 35^m 10^s	−34° 54′ 36″			gravitationally bound to Abell 3695
3705			Microscopium	20^h 41^m 42^s	−35° 14′ 00″			possible member of Microscopium Supercluster
3854				22^h 17^m 42.9^s	−35° 42′ 58″	3	II
4059				23^h 56^m 40.7^s	−34° 40′ 18″	1	I

Southern catalogue S1–S1174

ACO catalog number	Other names	Member of	Constellation	Right ascension (J2000)	Declination (J2000)	Abell richness class	Bautz–Morgan type
S636	Antlia Cluster	Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster	Antlia	10^h 30^m 03.5^s	−35° 19′ 24″	0	I-II
S740			Centaurus	13^h 43^m 32.3^s	−38° 11′ 05″	0	I-II
S1077			Piscis Austrinus	22^h 58^m 52.3^s	−34° 46′ 55″	2	II-III

Related Research Articles

Abell 2218 is a large cluster of galaxies over 2 billion light-years away in the constellation Draco.

Abell 1835 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is a cluster that also gravitational lenses more-distant background galaxies to make them visible to astronomers. The cluster has a red shift of around 75,900 km/s and spans 12′.

The Norma Cluster (ACO 3627 or Abell 3627) is a rich cluster of galaxies located near the center of the Great Attractor; it is about 68 Mpc (222 Mly) distant. Although it is both nearby and bright, it is difficult to observe because it is located in the Zone of Avoidance, a region near the plane of the Milky Way. Consequently, the cluster is severely obscured by interstellar dust at optical wavelengths. Its mass is estimated to be on the order of 10¹⁵ solar masses.

Abell 754 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Hydra that was formed from the collision of two smaller clusters. This collision, which began about 300 million years ago, is ongoing, and the system is still disturbed. Eventually, the cluster will reach a level of equilibrium in a few billion years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abell catalogue</span> Astronomical catalogue of galaxy clusters

The Abell catalog of rich clusters of galaxies is an all-sky catalog of 4,073 rich galaxy clusters of nominal redshift z ≤ 0.2. This catalog supplements a revision of George O. Abell's original "Northern Survey" of 1958, which had only 2,712 clusters, with a further 1,361 clusters – the "Southern Survey" of 1989, published after Abell's death by co-authors Harold G. Corwin and Ronald P. Olowin from those parts of the south celestial hemisphere that had been omitted from the earlier survey.

The Perseus cluster is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus. It has a recession speed of 5,366 km/s and a diameter of 863′. It is one of the most massive objects in the known universe, containing thousands of galaxies immersed in a vast cloud of multimillion-degree gas.

Abell 2667 is a galaxy cluster. It is one of the most luminous galaxy clusters in the X-ray waveband known at a redshift about 0.2.

The Abell S740 is a cluster of galaxies identified in the Abell catalogue of southern rich clusters of galaxies. It is over 450 Mly away in the constellation Centaurus. It has a redshift of 10,073 km/s.

The Hercules Cluster is a cluster of about 200 galaxies some 500 million light-years distant in the constellation Hercules. It is rich in spiral galaxies and shows many interacting galaxies. The cluster is part of the larger Hercules Supercluster, which is itself part of the much larger Great Wall super-structure.

Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located nearly 5 billion light-years away from the Earth, in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies. It was catalogued by George Abell, and is the most distant of the clusters he catalogued.

Abell 2744, nicknamed Pandora's Cluster, is a giant galaxy cluster resulting from the simultaneous pile-up of at least four separate, smaller galaxy clusters that took place over a span of 350 million years, and is located approximately 4 billion light years from Earth. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass. The gas is so hot that it shines only in X-rays. Dark matter makes up around 75 percent of the cluster's mass.

Abell 383 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.

Abell 2147 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is located within the core of the Hercules Superclusters, within Serpens Caput, near the cluster Abell 2152, approximately two degrees south southwest of the Hercules Cluster. It is possible that Abell 2147 is actually part of the Hercules Cluster considering that it shares the same redshift of 550 million light years.

Abell 133 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.

Abell 478 is a galaxy cluster listed in the Abell catalogue.

Abell 1413 is a massive and rich type I galaxy cluster straddling the border between the constellations Leo and Coma Berenices, with the projected comoving distance of approximately 640 Mpc (2.1 billion ly). The cluster is especially notable due to the presence of its very large brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), one of the most extreme examples of its type, as well as one of the largest galaxies known. The cluster was first noted by George O. Abell in 1958.

Abell 1795 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.

Abell 2390 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue.

Abell 665 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue in the constellation Ursa Major. It is also known as the only cluster in his 1989 catalog to receive Abell's highest richness class of 5. This means that it contains at least 300 galaxies in the magnitude range of m₃ to m₃+2, where m₃ is the magnitude of the third-brightest member of the cluster. The clusters in all other richness classes contain less than 300 such galaxies. Abell 665's combination of high brightness and large distance, made it an excellent candidate along with 37 other clusters to help determine the Hubble constant using the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect in 2006.

Abell 1146 is a rich galaxy cluster in the constellation Crater. Its richness class is 4, and it is located about 2 billion light-years away.

References

↑ Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (7 January 2014). "NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies". NASA . Retrieved 8 January 2014.
1 2 3 4 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). Retrieved March 15, 2012.
1 2 "The VizieR Catalogue Service". Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, UdS/CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
↑ Abell, George O.; Corwin, Harold G. Jr.; Olowin, Ronald P. (May 1989). "A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 70 (May 1989): 1–138. Bibcode:1989ApJS...70....1A. doi: 10.1086/191333 . ISSN 0067-0049 . Retrieved March 16, 2012.
↑ Reichert G, Mason KO, Charles PA, Bowyer S, Lea SM, Pravdo S (Aug 1981). "Low energy X-ray emission from five galaxy cluster sources". Astrophys. J. 247: 803–12. Bibcode:1981ApJ...247..803R. doi:10.1086/159092.
↑ ESO-A Galactic Crash Investigation
↑ NASA: Hubble Views a Double Cluster of Glowing Galaxies

External links

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[NASA-20140107-1] Clavin, Whitney; Jenkins, Ann; Villard, Ray (7 January 2014). "NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies". NASA . Retrieved 8 January 2014.

[NED-2] 1 2 3 4 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED). Retrieved March 15, 2012.

[Vizier-3] 1 2 "The VizieR Catalogue Service". Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, UdS/CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Retrieved March 15, 2012.

[ACO-4] Abell, George O.; Corwin, Harold G. Jr.; Olowin, Ronald P. (May 1989). "A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 70 (May 1989): 1–138. Bibcode:1989ApJS...70....1A. doi: 10.1086/191333 . ISSN 0067-0049 . Retrieved March 16, 2012.

[Reichert-5] Reichert G, Mason KO, Charles PA, Bowyer S, Lea SM, Pravdo S (Aug 1981). "Low energy X-ray emission from five galaxy cluster sources". Astrophys. J. 247: 803–12. Bibcode:1981ApJ...247..803R. doi:10.1086/159092.

[6] ESO-A Galactic Crash Investigation

[7] NASA: Hubble Views a Double Cluster of Glowing Galaxies

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