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A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; they are among the largest known structures in the universe. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group galaxy group, which in turn is part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The large size and low density of superclusters means that they, unlike clusters, expand with the Hubble expansion. The number of superclusters in the observable universe is estimated to be 10 million.
Messier 100 is a grand design intermediate spiral galaxy in the southern part of the mildly northern Coma Berenices. It is one of the brightest and largest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and is approximately 55 million light-years from our galaxy, its diameter being 107,000 light years, and being about 60% as large. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and 29 days later seen again and entered by Charles Messier in his catalogue "of nebulae and star clusters".. It was one of the first spiral galaxies to be discovered, and was listed as one of fourteen spiral nebulae by Lord William Parsons of Rosse in 1850. NGC 4323 and NGC 4328 are satellite galaxies of M100; the former is connected with it by a bridge of luminous matter.
The Virgo Supercluster or the Local Supercluster is a mass concentration of galaxies containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which itself contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, as well as others. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs. The Virgo SC is one of about 10 million superclusters in the observable universe and is in the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, a galaxy filament.
Perseus is a constellation in the northern sky, being named after the Greek mythological hero Perseus. It is one of the 48 ancient constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and among the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is located near several other constellations named after ancient Greek legends surrounding Perseus, including Andromeda to the west and Cassiopeia to the north. Perseus is also bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis to the north, and Triangulum to the west. Some star atlases during the early 19th century also depicted Perseus holding the disembodied head of Medusa, whose asterism was named together as Perseus et Caput Medusae; however, this never came into popular usage.
The Sloan Great Wall (SGW) is a cosmic structure formed by a giant wall of galaxies. Its discovery was announced from Princeton University on October 20, 2003, by J. Richard Gott III, Mario Jurić, and their colleagues, based on data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
NGC 3561, also known as Arp 105, is a pair of interacting galaxies NGC 3561A and NGC 3561B within the galaxy cluster Abell 1185 in Ursa Major. Its common name is "the Guitar" and contains a small tidal dwarf galaxy known as Ambartsumian's Knot that is believed to be the remnant of the extensive tidal tail pulled out of one of the galaxies.
NGC 3553 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered in March 1885 by Guillaume Bigourdan. It is a member of the galaxy cluster Abell 1185.
MACS J0717.5+3745 is a large galaxy cluster located 5.4 billion light years away in the constellation Auriga, appearing in the Massive Cluster Survey (MACS).
Abell 1185 is a galaxy cluster located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is approximately 400 million light-years away from Earth and spans one million light-years across. It is a member of the Leo Supercluster. One of its brightest galaxies is NGC 3550.
Abell 222 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation of Cetus. It holds thousands of galaxies together. It is located at a distance of 2.4 billion light-years from Earth.
The Musket Ball Cluster is a galaxy cluster that exhibits separation between its baryonic matter and dark matter components. The cluster is a recent merger of two galaxy clusters. It is named after the Bullet Cluster, as it is a slower collision, and older than the Bullet Cluster. This cluster is further along the process of merger than the Bullet Cluster, being some 500 million years older, at 700 million years old. The cluster was discovered in 2011 by the Deep Lens Survey. As of 2012, it is one of the few galaxy clusters to show separation between its dark matter and baryonic matter components.
NGC 101 is a spiral galaxy estimated to be about 150 million light-years away in the constellation of Sculptor. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1834 and its magnitude is 12.8. It is a member of the Southern Supercluster the closest galaxy supercluster to the Local Supercluster.
NGC 6120 is a peculiar spiral galaxy located roughly 440 million light-years away from the Sun. It is located in the northern constellation of Corona Borealis, and is a member of the Abell 2199 galaxy cluster.
NGC 777 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Triangulum. It was discovered by William Herschel on September 12, 1784. It has a weak active nucleus of type Seyfert 2 or LINER 2, implying that the central region is obscured. It may be an outlying member of galaxy cluster Abell 262.
Abell 3411 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Hydra. It is located about two billion light-years from Earth and weighs about a million billion times the mass of the Sun.
Abell 3412 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Hydra. It is located about two billion light-years from Earth and weighs about a million billion times the mass of the Sun.
Abell 1146 is a rich galaxy cluster in the constellation Crater. Its richness class is 4, and it is located about 2 billion light-years away.
Abell S1063 is a cluster of galaxies located in the constellation Grus.
NGC 4179 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 14, 1784. It is a member of the NGC 4179 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.
NGC 4731 is a barred spiral galaxy located near the Virgo supercluster. To its celestial south lies NGC 4731A, a small irregular galaxy. Both galaxies feature high concentrations of neutral HI gas. It is theorized that its elongated arm structure could be related to gravitational interactions with a nearby galaxy, NGC 4967. It is a member of the NGC 4697 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.
References
- 1 2 3 "ACO 223". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ "2MASX J01375602-1249106". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- 1 2 Abell, George O.; Corwin, Harold G. Jr.; Olowin, Ronald P. (May 1989). "A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 70 (May 1989): 1–138. Bibcode:1989ApJS...70....1A. doi:10.1086/191333. ISSN 0067-0049.
- 1 2 3 Durret, F; Laganá, T. F; Adami, C; Bertin, E (2010). "The clusters Abell 222 and Abell 223: A multi-wavelength view". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 517: A94. arXiv: 1005.3295 . Bibcode:2010A&A...517A..94D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014566. S2CID 118464154.
- 1 2 Pete Spotts (5 July 2012). "Cosmic scaffolding uncovered? Scientists find thread of dark matter". The Christian Science Monitor . Christian Science Publishing Society . Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ Dietrich, Jörg. "The Abell 222/223 Supercluster with dark matter Filament". University of Michigan/University Observatory Munich. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
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